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Thirteen compounds were moderately active against\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Compound\n                    <jats:bold>22<\/jats:bold>\n                    (diethyl 4\u2010(3\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010hydroxyphenyl)\u20102,6\u2010dimethyl\u20101,4\u2010dihydropyridine\u20103,5\u2010dicarboxylate) displayed moderate antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>S. mitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 500\u2005\u03bcg\/mL); compounds\n                    <jats:bold>8<\/jats:bold>\n                    (ethyl 2,7,7\u2010trimethyl\u20104\u2010(3\u2010chlorophenyl)\u20105\u2010oxo\u20101,4,5,6,7,8\u2010hexahydroquinoline\u20103\u2010carboxylate) and\n                    <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold>\n                    (ethyl 2,7,7\u2010trimethyl\u20104\u2010(3\u2010nitrophenyl)\u20105\u2010oxo\u20101,4,5,6,7,8\u2010hexahydroquinoline\u20103\u2010carboxylate) were moderately active against\n                    <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC=500\u2005\u03bcg\/mL) and very active against\n                    <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    =43.08 and 34.29\u2005\u03bcM, respectively). Among the eight 1,4\u2010DHPs that were active (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt;50\u2005\u03bcM) against\n                    <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes, compound\n                    <jats:bold>13<\/jats:bold>\n                    (ethyl 2,7,7\u2010trimethyl\u20104\u2010(3,4,5\u2010trimethoxyphenyl)\u20105\u2010oxo\u20101,4,5,6,7,8\u2010hexahydroquinoline\u20103\u2010carboxylate) was the most active (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    =24.62\u2005\u03bcM) and had a Selectivity Index (SI) higher than 4 compared to GM07492\u2005A cells. On the other hand, compounds\n                    <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                    (ethyl 2,7,7\u2010trimethyl\u20104\u2010(3\u2010fluorophenyl)\u20105\u2010oxo\u20101,4,5,6,7,8\u2010hexahydroquinoline\u20103\u2010carboxylate) and\n                    <jats:bold>9<\/jats:bold>\n                    (ethyl 2,7,7\u2010trimethyl\u20104\u2010(2\u2010nitrophenyl)\u20105\u2010oxo\u20101,4,5,6,7,8\u2010hexahydroquinoline\u20103\u2010carboxylate) were the most active against\n                    <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    amastigotes (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    =12.53 and 13.67 \u03bcM, respectively; SI&gt;7.9 and &gt;7.3, respectively) after 24\u2005h of treatment. Our results indicated that asymmetric 1,4\u2010DHPs derived from dimedone exhibit antileishmanial potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T13:53:35Z","timestamp":1725458015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antibacterial and Antileishmanial Activity of 1,4\u2010Dihydropyridine Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tha\u00eds A. S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Faculdade de Filosofia Ci\u00eancias e Letras de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson B. 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