{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T17:24:14Z","timestamp":1774805054218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance remains the fundamental problem with antiplasmodial treatments. The study investigated the antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of two Cameroonian medicinal plants, <jats:italic>Entandrophragma utile<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Melochia umbellata<\/jats:italic>. Antimalarial activity against <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> strains 3D7 and Dd2 was assessed using the SYBR Green I assay. Cytotoxicity was assessed against Raw and Vero cells using the resazurin assay, and against red blood cells using a hemoglobin release quantification assay. Antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH (2, 2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazine), ABTS (2, 2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulphonic acid), and FRAP (ferric\u2010reducing antioxidant power) assays. The most bioactive extract was further analyzed using ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2010MS) to determine its phytochemical composition. Extracts from <jats:italic>E. utile<\/jats:italic> exhibited moderate anti\u2010malarial activity against <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> =32.81\u2013100\u2005\u03bcg\/mL), while <jats:italic>M. umbellata<\/jats:italic> leaf extract (MULAE) showed strong activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> =11.62 and 11.91\u2005\u03bcg\/mL). All extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity (9.22 to 135.8\u2005\u03bcg\/mL), were selective for Raw and Vero cells, and were not toxic to red blood cells. UHPLC\u2010MS analysis annotated potential pyrimidones, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids in MULAE. MULAE exhibited better antiplasmodial activity, suggesting the presence of unique bioactive compounds. Further research, including in\u2005vivo investigations, is needed to develop safe and effective antiplasmodial therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T14:34:07Z","timestamp":1728916447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Antimalarial Potential of <i>Entandrophragma Utile<\/i> and <i>Melochia Umbellata<\/i> Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Ngouana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang  P.O. Box 96 Dschang Cameroon"},{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick Valere","family":"Tsouh Fokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Bamenda,, Bambili  Bamenda PO Box 39 Cameroon"},{"name":"Advanced Research and Health Innovation Hub (ARHIH)  Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 20133 Cameroon"},{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aubin","family":"Youbi Kamche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raoul","family":"Kemzeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanick Kevin","family":"Melogmo Dongmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius Jaures","family":"Tsakem Nangap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Physiology University of Yaound\u00e9 1  P.O. Box 812 Yaounde Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Fekam Boyom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research and Health Innovation Hub (ARHIH)  Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 20133 Cameroon"},{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  P.O. Box 812 Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_1","unstructured":"WHO World Health Organization 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"WHO World Health Organization 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01134-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2404.170141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03543-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3804-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2017\/36352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.-H.\u2005A. Gouissi R.\u2005T. Nzangue J.\u2005H. Kalaza W. Pabo S.\u2005P.\u2005F. Chegaing 2021 Res. Sq.2021 20 April 2021 PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-438203\/v1].","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-438203\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9120956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Zofou V. Kuete V.\u2005P. Titanji Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal products from African medicinal plants. In: Medicinal plant research in Africa2013 17 661\u2013709.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405927-6.00017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2236-8906-17\/2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"272","volume":"8","author":"Kaur H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Active Prod Nature."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"135","volume":"4","author":"Bickiia J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"39","volume":"21","author":"Tchouya G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"West Afr J Pharm Drug Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np5004164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2005001200016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"012148","volume-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","author":"Soekamto N.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"International Conference on Education and Technology (2017 ICEduTech)","author":"Usman U.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-2005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"529","volume":"10","author":"Nunuk H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J ChemTech Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2020.22414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"P231","volume":"5","author":"Usman N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.11.3.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"932","volume":"20","author":"Radulovic N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP11.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-019-0436-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"1380","volume":"9","author":"Wairata J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"1362","volume":"5","author":"Sridharamurthy N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1925272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00244a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2015.1057723"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np5007668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521005031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1803-1806.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3060-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Initiation \u00e0 la recherche sur les substances naturelles: Extraction-Analyse-Essais Biologiques","author":"Bassene E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","unstructured":"L. Diosady IDRC Canada 1998 https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1113040\/Field_tests_for_iodide_iodate_and_iron_phase_2_final_report>."}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202401314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T09:02:01Z","timestamp":1739523721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202401314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202401314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202401314","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202401314"}}