{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T18:18:11Z","timestamp":1774635491856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Haloxylon salicornicum<\/jats:italic> is traditionally used for the treatment of several disorders associated with inflammation. Despite it is a defense response against tissue injury and infections, inflammation can become a chronic condition that can negatively impact the body. This study investigated the effect of <jats:italic>H. salicornicum<\/jats:italic> phytochemicals nuclear factor\u2010kappaB (NF\u2010\u03baB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010challenged macrophages <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic>. The binding affinity of the tested phytochemical towards NF\u2010\u03baB and iNOS was investigated using molecular docking. Ten compounds (four coumarins, three sterols and three flavonoids) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>H. salicornicum<\/jats:italic>. Treatment of LPS\u2010challenged macrophages with the compounds resulted in remarkable decrease in NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and iNOS mRNA abundance. All compounds suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)\u20106) from macrophages challenged with LPS. Molecular docking revealed the ability of the isolated phytochemicals to bind NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and iNOS. In conclusion, <jats:italic>H. salicornicum<\/jats:italic> is a rich source of phytochemicals with anti\u2010inflammatory properties. The anti\u2010inflammatory efficacy of <jats:italic>H. salicornicum<\/jats:italic> phytoconstituents is mediated via their ability to modulate NF\u2010\u03baB and iNOS, and suppress the release of NO, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20106 from macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T08:29:02Z","timestamp":1727857742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Haloxylon salicornicum<\/i> Phytochemicals Suppress NF\u2010\u03baB, iNOS and Pro\u2010Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide\u2010Induced Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3746-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem S.","family":"Alruhaimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omnia E","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Technological Institute for Applied Health Sciences  Beni-Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman M.","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Qassim University  Qassim 51452 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Elbagory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Northern Border University  Rafha 76321 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Alzoghaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department College of Medicine King Saud University  Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emadeldin M.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University  Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El Mohtadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Edge Hill University  Ormskirk L39 4QP UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester M1 5GD UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1762-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1204641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Inflammation and Natural Products","author":"Mahmoud A. 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