{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:34:42Z","timestamp":1789407282938,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mortalities due to gastric cancer have raised serious health concerns. It is thought that drug delivery using magnetic nanoparticles can be a new solution in cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with glucose and conjugated with ellagic acid (EA) on gastric cancer cells were evaluated. Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy, X\u2010ray diffraction, energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy, field\u2010emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analyses were used for physical and chemical characterizations. The percentage of cell viability was determined by (3\u2010[4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl]\u20102,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and cell apoptosis level and cell cycle analysis were assayed using flow cytometry. Also, the expression level of the caspase\u20108 gene was evaluated using a real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @Glu\u2010EA nanoparticles for the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line and human dermal fibroblasts cell line was 109 and 211\u00b5g\/mL. Based on the flow cytometry results, the synthesized nanoparticles increased cell cycle inhibition at the G0\/G1 phase and caused a significant increase in early and late apoptosis in cancer cells. Alterations in nuclear morphology such as chromatin condensation and fragmentation in favor of apoptosis were evident in cancer cells treated with the nanoparticles, and the expression of the caspase\u20108 gene in these cells was elevated by 4.91 folds. This study showed that Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @Glu\u2010EA nanoparticles have considerable toxicity for gastric cancer cells and as an efficient platform for delivery of EA to gastric cancer cells, can provide promising outcomes in chemotherapy of gastric cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:26:40Z","timestamp":1739244400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ellagic Acid\u2010Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit the Cell Cycle in the G0\/G1 Phase and Induce Extrinsic Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nabeel Rahi","family":"Mashkoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Analyses. College of Science AL\u2010Qadisiyah University  AL\u2010Qadisiyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"heydarnezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Aghabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Ghaderi","family":"Barmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helia","family":"Sangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Nikoujamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taraneh","family":"Ghasemipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parastoo Vakili","family":"Nezami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh Abedini","family":"Bajgiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Gasid","family":"Shlash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Al\u2010Zahraa University for Women  Karbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Salehzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Rasht branch Islamic Azad University  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671\u2010021\u201003628\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2020.1726943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2022.2047020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7497\/j.issn.2095\u20103941.2014.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c08819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.111380"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876\u2010021\u201002124\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775\u2010019\u201001729\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500692a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765\u2010020\u201000531\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010021\u201011173\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73090-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762\u2010022\u201004679\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765\u2010020\u201000531\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.587012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300143v"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20166"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"3601","article-title":"Antioxidant and Apoptosis\u2010inducing Activities of Ellagic Acid","volume":"26","author":"Han D. 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