{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:39:22Z","timestamp":1792478362561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2025R98"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2025R98"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Najas gracillima<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a marine seaweed found in North America and Asia, was investigated for its neuropharmacological and antidiarrheal properties. Acetone extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>N. gracillima<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ANG) were analyzed using both in vivo and in silico methods. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis was conducted to identify bioactive compounds present in the extract. In vivo assessments, including the elevated plus maze, light\u2013dark box, and hole board tests, showed that ANG at doses of 200 and 400\u00a0mg\/kg exhibited significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) anxiolytic effects. Both doses also demonstrated antidepressant effects in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests by significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) reducing immobility time, with the 200\u00a0mg\/kg dose showing more pronounced effects. Sedative activity was confirmed through open field and hole cross tests, where both doses exhibited significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) sedative effects. ANG also demonstrated significant antidiarrheal effects at 400\u00a0mg\/kg in castor oil\u2010induced diarrhea (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and gastrointestinal motility tests (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Molecular docking simulations revealed that compounds from ANG had strong binding affinities to critical drug targets involved in anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and diarrhea. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>N. gracillima<\/jats:italic>\n                    holds potential for therapeutic use in treating neuropharmacological disorders and diarrhea, warranting further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T12:28:52Z","timestamp":1734956932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["GC\u2013MS Analysis, Neuropharmacological, and Antidiarrheal Activities of the Acetone Extract of\n                    <i>Najas gracillima<\/i>\n                    Seaweed: In Vivo and In Silico Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Md. Liakot","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"De partment of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannatul Naima","family":"Meem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De partment of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neamul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De partment of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdul","family":"Jalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De partment of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad Hossen","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Basic Medicine &amp; Pharmaceutical Technology University of Science and Technology Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sristy","family":"Khastagir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Basic Medicine &amp; Pharmaceutical Technology University of Science and Technology Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy State University of Bangladesh Purbachal Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmina","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Development Alternative Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alarfaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javed","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly) Moradabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman Ali","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7168-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Moazzem","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De partment of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8030321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Plant\u2010Derived Compounds With Potential Sedative and Anxiolytic Activities","volume":"2","author":"Edewor\u2010Kuponiyi T. I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1024004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2024.100399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27186021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2024.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctmp.2024.200174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.): Historical Perspectives Recapitulate and Induced Mutation Towards Latex Less, Low Alkaloids in Capsule Husk Mutant: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Lal R. K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2024.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2024.12569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"J. L.P\u00e9rez Llor\u00e9ns \u201cThose Curious and Delicious Seaweeds. A Fascinating Voyage From Biology to Gastronomy \u201d (2018):1\u2013390."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-02965-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1300005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Two New Records of the Genera Najas (Najadaceae) and Lemna (Lemnaceae) for Aquatic Flora of Iran","volume":"16","author":"Dinarvand M. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Iranian Journal of Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50163a023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199811\/12)9:6<274::AID-PCA416>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Screening of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fourteen Indian Medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"31","author":"Vaghasiya Y.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880200903468873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2024.101648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jabet.2020.d121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-020-00528-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2019.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2021.101062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26538\/tjnpr\/v5i2.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3627878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Discovery Studio","author":"Studio D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accelrys [2.1]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150181505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200713384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-024-00071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2019.0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md22070304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0061-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"969","article-title":"Anxiolytic Effect of Hydroethanolic Extract of Drymaria cordata L Willd","author":"Barua C. C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"NIScPR Online Periodicals Repository"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.02.003"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Bark Extract of Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Exhibits Potent Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant Effects Through an In Vivo Approach in Swiss Albino Mice","volume":"28","author":"Rahman R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"In Vivo Sedative Activity of Methanolic Extract of Sterculia villosa Roxb. Leaves","volume":"16","author":"Hossain M. F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.118825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8828331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5416749"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","article-title":"Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Aqueous Extract of Stereospermum kunthianum (Cham, Sandrine Petit) Stem Bark in Rodents","volume":"7","author":"Ching F. P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"Anxiolytic\u2010Like Effects of Phytol: Possible Involvement of GABAergic Transmission","volume":"1","author":"Costa J. P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacology Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2020.66.4.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-024-00258-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.669370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0463-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1558620"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402303","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1773009074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202402303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202402303"}}