{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:08:30Z","timestamp":1790806110391,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study describes the green synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from green propolis (AgNPs\u2010PRO). Before nanoparticles synthesis, a hydroethanolic green propolis extract (GPE) was obtained through ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction and characterized by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography, revealing the artepilin C as the most abundant phenolic compound in its composition, followed by 4,5\u2010dicaffeoylquinic acid and drupanin. The analysis of synthesized AgNPs by UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption band at 430\u00a0nm. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed mean hydrodynamic particle sizes ranging from 88 to 115\u00a0nm, with a polydispersity index between 0.229\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.006 and 0.365\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.054. Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that functional groups present in GPE contribute to the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that AgNPs were obtained. GPE showed leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with a half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 11.87\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 12.52. Antibacterial activity of the AgNPs, assessed via the disk diffusion method, revealed inhibition zones against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Gram\u2010negative),\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Gram\u2010positive), and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. The HET\u2010CAM test indicated no signs of irritation, suggesting the biocompatibility of the developed AgNPs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T09:27:20Z","timestamp":1745832440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Green Propolis Extract\u2010Mediated Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activities, Cytotoxicity and Ex Vivo Irritation Testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Erica Tirzah S.","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanessa J. S.","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L. C.","family":"de Albuquerque\u2010Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Microbiology Paulo de G\u00f3es Institute of Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory for the Advanced Study of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone S. C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Microbiology Paulo de G\u00f3es Institute of Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory for the Advanced Study of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica A.","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apis Flora, Rua Triunfo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana de Jesus","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cochiran P.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering University College Dublin  Belfield Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes  Aracaju Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11100535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.6676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11062465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA08982E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2021.1898634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.929491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16534-5_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03776-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03357-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1437430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan\/Collagen Membranes Containing Red Propolis Extract","volume":"75","author":"Loureiro K. 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