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This study aims to elucidate the ecological, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this lesser\u2010known plantain. Despite nutrient\u2010poor peat soil, the leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>P. atrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    contained increased levels of phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and the anatomy revealed an isobilateral mesophyll. Molecular taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the classification of the studied plant as\n                    <jats:italic>P. atrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its clustering with narrow\u2010leaved plantains growing in extreme conditions. Detailed phytochemical profiles revealed primary and secondary metabolites that can be used as taxonomic identifiers and for bioactivity studies. The methanol fraction enriched in phenolic compounds appeared biologically active\u2014by displaying limited antimicrobial activity, however, it possessed significant radical\u2010scavenging and anti\u2010inflammatory capacity. The data demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>P. atrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s leaf parameters and phytochemical arsenal assure plant survival and reveal the plantain's pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting inflammation via the classical pathway of Complement activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T02:10:58Z","timestamp":1738116658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chemotaxonomy and Bioactive Potential of High\u2010Mountain\n                    <i>Plantago atrata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7333-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Zhiponova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology Sofia University  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