{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:04:17Z","timestamp":1781780657337,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a prominent cariogenic fungal agent that works in association with\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to accelerate the formation of oral cancer and tooth decay. This study evaluates caffeine\u2010encapsulated titanium oxide nanoparticles (CF\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs) for their potential to prevent biofilm formation on teeth and enhance oral anticancer treatment by influencing apoptotic gene regulation. The synthesized CF\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs were characterized using ultraviolet, scanning electron microscopy, energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy, and Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, and their antioxidant activity was confirmed through free radical quenching studies. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using a zone of inhibition test, revealing strong activity against dental pathogens with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 80 \u00b5g\/mL. Molecular docking using AutoDock explored interactions between CF and biofilm target sites, supporting their inhibitory potential. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on KB cancer cells showed a dose\u2010dependent increase in cytotoxic effects, with CF\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs promoting apoptotic gene upregulation at concentrations of 20\u2013160 \u00b5g\/mL. CF\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, showcasing their promise for oral therapeutic applications. This research highlights a novel approach to managing oral infections and associated complications while improving systemic oral health. Notably, this study is the first to report the biofilm\u2010inhibitory and anticancer potential of CF\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T13:00:52Z","timestamp":1734958852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inhibition of Oral Biofilms and Enhancement of Anticancer Activity on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells Using Caffeine\u2010Coated Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shaik Althaf","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohankumar","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar  Kattankulathur India"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine SRM Institute of Science and Technology  Kattankulathur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Rafi","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baji","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University  Gyeongsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramasivam","family":"Deepak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous)  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathiya","family":"Thiyagarajulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous)  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahas Perianaika","family":"Matharasi Antonyraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Guru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v6i4.17255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.294.3696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2024.8776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04084-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613241228211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S282206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5891-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.784330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701556.2020.1732419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09407-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09289-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07544-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04399-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000486600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61186\/JoMMID.11.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6733341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10010140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03805-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02955-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2024.100231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202305633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1319777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402080"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402476","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402476","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:32:47Z","timestamp":1773009167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202402476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202402476"}}