{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:57:12Z","timestamp":1773280632509,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarp, a by\u2010product of seed production, is produced in an amount of over 75,000 tons annually in China. However, due to the lack of suitable processing methods, it is predominantly discarded as agricultural waste, resulting in a substantial waste of resources. To seek new development directions, this study first comprehensively evaluated the conventional and bioactive compositions of the exocarps of the five mainly planted\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    varieties. The results indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarps contained some preponderant bioactive compositions, including ginkgolic acids (54.10\u201385.42\u00a0mg\/g), proanthocyanidins (26.62\u201352.96\u00a0mg\/g), and polysaccharides (29.72\u201351.72\u00a0mg\/g).\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarps were also abundant in terpene trilactones (332.63\u2013780.31\u00a0\u00b5g\/g), flavonoids (70.88\u2013109.26\u00a0\u00b5g\/g), and 6\u2010hydroxykynurenic acid\u00a0(43.19\u2013302.99\u00a0\u00b5g\/g). The conventional components of\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarps were mainly ash, crude fiber, and fat. The contents of starch and protein were lower; thus,\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarp exhibits a lower nutritional value.\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarps have the potential to be the best resource for the preparation of ginkgolic acids (GAs), proanthocyanidins, and polysaccharides. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of\n                    <jats:italic>G. biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    exocarps.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T06:56:07Z","timestamp":1737701767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive Analysis of Conventional and Bioactive Compositions of the Exocarp of Five Mainly\u2010Planted\n                    <i>Ginkgo biloba<\/i>\n                    Varieties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3868-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erzheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u2010innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600\u2010022\u201003829\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010018\u20104673\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2021.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115645"},{"issue":"07","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Comparative Analysis on Contents of Bioactive Substances in Ginkgo Seed, Leaf and Exotestal","volume":"39","author":"Li L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Industry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Chemical Basic Research of Ginkgo biloba Seeds and Exocarp for Healthcare Function","author":"Luo K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Comparison of the Quality of Ginkgo biloba Seed Powder Prepared by Freeze\u2010Thawing and Backfilling Methods and the Application of Seed Powder in Cookies","author":"Xu Y. 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