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In this study, novel halogenated phenyl\u2010substituted\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butenolide compounds were designed, optimized and synthesized through a progressive strategy based on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the calculated oil\u2013water partition coefficient (ClogP) of compounds. Among these, the difluorophenyl\u2010substituted compound\n                    <jats:bold>3cj<\/jats:bold>\n                    (lethal medium concentration [LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\u00a0=\u00a040.96 \u00b5g\/mL) exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Myzus persicae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and a relatively low ClogP of 4.25. The molecular docking study revealed that compound\n                    <jats:bold>3cj<\/jats:bold>\n                    mainly interacted with two key residues TRP147 and TYR188 of\n                    <jats:italic>Aplysia californica<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylcholine\u2010binding protein. The bee\u2010toxicity bioassay and molecular mechanism study indicated that compound\n                    <jats:bold>3cj<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited low acute contact toxicity against\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    , probably due to its reduced binding energy with the honeybee chimeric receptor AmeI\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    8\/rat\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    2. This study provides rational guidance for novel\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butenolide compounds as low bee\u2010toxicity insecticidal candidates based on their target receptors and molecular physicochemical properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T22:30:19Z","timestamp":1733956219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Discovery of Novel Low Bee\u2010Toxicity Aphicidal\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    \u2010Butenolide: Design and Optimization Based on a Progressive Strategy of Acetylcholine Binding Protein and Calculated Oil\u2013Water Partition Coefficient"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Renxuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. 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