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This study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate (HPB) and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010butanol (HPC) fractions of the <jats:italic>H. plantaginea<\/jats:italic> flower were the active fractions against CP, as they significantly increased the body weight, improved damaged pharyngeal tissues, and reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1, PGE2, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 levels in rats induced by 5% ammonia solution. Metabolomics studies identified 55 differential metabolites, with 26 being reversely regulated by HPB and HPC. These 26 metabolites are closely associated with phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase\u2010protein kinase B (PI3K\u2013Akt), just another kinase\u2010signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK\u2013STAT), mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (NF\u2010\u03baB) pathways. Mechanically, HPB and HPC prominently suppressed the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, Akt1, JAK1, STAT3, JNK, p38, Erk, p65, and inhibitor of NF\u2010\u03baB (I\u03baB\u03b1) proteins. Finally, HPLC analysis identified flavonoids as the primary phytochemicals of HPB and HPC. In conclusion, HPB and HPC are the main active fractions of <jats:italic>H. plantaginea<\/jats:italic> flower against CP, acting by regulating energy metabolism and inhibiting PI3K\u2013Akt, JAK\u2013STAT, MAPKs, and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways, and the flavonoids are the primary chemical constituents. Our findings provide a new perspective for the utilization of this herb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T22:28:22Z","timestamp":1739572102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Hosta plantaginea<\/i> Flower Ameliorates Chronic Pharyngitis by Suppressing Inflammation via the JAK\u2013STAT\/PI3K\/MAPK Signaling Axis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Resources and 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