{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1790957811000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperpigmentation in human skin\nand enzymatic browning are prevalent and undesirable phenomena. Several factors contribute to hyperpigmentation including ultraviolet radiation, hormonal fluctuations, genetic predisposition, aging, certain medications, inflammation, and skin trauma. Tyrosinase (TYR), the principal enzyme implicated in these processes, is recognized for its crucial role in melanogenesis and browning reactions. This has spurred extensive research aimed at identifying, isolating, and characterizing novel and potent TYR inhibitors for applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Although significant progress has been made in the development of TYR inhibitors, concerns regarding their safety persist due to potential adverse effects. Ongoing research is focused on identifying effective and safe candidates for TYR inhibition derived from medicinal plants. So, this review focuses on the diverse range of TYR inhibitors from natural sources. To date, numerous natural inhibitors have been identified through various screening techniques. Dietary intake significantly impacts dermatological health, with beneficial effects from consuming antioxidant\u2010rich foods, polyphenols, flavonoids, omega\u20103 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, and iron\u2010rich foods and maintaining adequate hydration. Polyphenols and stilbenes have been recognized as the most effective classes of compounds as TYR inhibitors. Till now, only a limited number of these inhibitors have been deemed suitable for clinical use as skin\u2010whitening agents. The insights presented in this review will offer a fresh perspective for advancing research aimed at developing safe and effective TYR inhibitors derived from medicinal plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T12:18:28Z","timestamp":1743077908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Efficacy of Natural Products as Tyrosinase Inhibitors in Hyperpigmentation Therapy: Anti\u2010Melanogenic or Anti\u2010Browning Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mahrous H.","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology  Dakhliya Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shymaa I. A.","family":"Abdel\u2010dayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam M.","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El\u2010Dessouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University  6th of October City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham A.","family":"El\u2010Shiekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S385162","article-title":"Post\u2010inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Dark Skin: Molecular Mechanism and Skincare Implications","volume":"15","author":"Markiewicz E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70150-9","article-title":"Disorders of Hyperpigmentation","volume":"18","author":"Pandya A. G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatologic Clinics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2008.7","article-title":"Latest Insights Into Skin Hyperpigmentation","volume":"13","author":"Ortonne J.\u2010P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14411","article-title":"New Data on Hyperpigmentation Disorders","volume":"31","author":"Schalka S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1","article-title":"Melasma: An up\u2010to\u2010date Comprehensive Review","volume":"7","author":"Ogbechie\u2010Godec O. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatology and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09946.x","article-title":"Role of Fibroblast\u2010derived Growth Factors in Regulating Hyperpigmentation of Solar Lentigo","volume":"163","author":"Kovacs D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12447","article-title":"Unstable Solar lentigo: A Defined Separate Entity","volume":"57","author":"Byrom L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12232","article-title":"Sun\u2010induced Freckling: Ephelides and Solar Lentigines","volume":"27","author":"Praetorius C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12690","article-title":"Environment\u2010Induced Lentigines: Formation of Solar Lentigines Beyond Ultraviolet Radiation","volume":"24","author":"Nakamura M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x","article-title":"Solar Lentigines Are Strongly Related to Sun Exposure in Contrast to Ephelides","volume":"17","author":"Bastiaens M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00384.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Pigmentary Disorders and Their Impact on Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"7","author":"Taylor A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12986","article-title":"Management of Hyperpigmentation: Current Treatments and Emerging Therapies","volume":"34","author":"Nautiyal A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5530\/pres.15.2.039","article-title":"Phytochemical Analysis and in Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Irvingia Gabonensis Stem Bark","volume":"15","author":"Otitolaiye C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-024-02688-5","article-title":"Metabolic Profiling via UPLC\/MS\/MS and in Vitro Cholinesterase, Amylase, Glucosidase, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of Carica papaya L. Extracts Reveal Promising Nutraceutical Potential","volume":"18","author":"Soria\u2010Lopez A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Analytical Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00284-6","article-title":"Skin Hyperpigmentation and Its Treatment With Herbs: An Alternative Method","volume":"7","author":"Rathee P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043145","article-title":"Protective Barriers Provided by the Epidermis","volume":"24","author":"Szalay S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-24137-6_1","volume-title":"Scars: A Practical Guide for Scar Therapy","author":"Zwirner J.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"37","key":"e_1_2_20_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32936","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c04424","article-title":"UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma","volume":"7","author":"Jin S.\u2010G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical Anatomy of the Skin","volume":"40","author":"Mohamed S. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_20_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4","article-title":"A Review of Therapies for Hyperpigmentation Modulating the Synthesis of Eumelanin to Pheomelanin","volume":"316","author":"Singh I K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatological Research"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_20_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411289","article-title":"Melanin's Journey From Melanocytes to Keratinocytes: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms of Melanin Transfer and Processing","volume":"24","author":"Bento\u2010Lopes L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1440187","article-title":"The Biochemistry of Melanogenesis: An Insight Into the Function and Mechanism of Melanogenesis\u2010related Proteins","volume":"11","author":"Wang F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Melanogenesis and Melanoma Development","volume":"26","author":"Kami\u0144ski K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemporary Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_25_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Lasers in Dermatology: Parameters and Choice: With Special Reference to the Asian Population","author":"Lee J. D.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_26_1","article-title":"Implications of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Disorders","volume":"2022","author":"Xing X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/der2.134","article-title":"The History of Melasma: Its Roots and Evolution","volume":"4","author":"Syder N. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-6740-3_3","volume-title":"Hair Care Products: Efficacy, Safety and Global Regulation","author":"Tripathi S.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20214925","article-title":"Expert Opinion on Current Trends in Hyperpigmentation Management: Indian Perspective","volume":"8","author":"Kandhari S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/pigmentinternational.pigmentinternational_55_21","article-title":"Drug\u2010induced Pigmentation","volume":"9","author":"Narayanan A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pigment International"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_31_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Skin Pigmentation Changes, Causes and Methods of Their Elimination","volume":"9","author":"Mulawa M. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. R.Maurya R.Munshi andS.Zambare \u201cMelanocortin Receptors: Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Pigmentation Inflammation Stress Weight Disorders and Sexual Dysfunction \u201d24 no.2(2023):151\u2013156.","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450124666221108143006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_33_1","first-page":"WC01","article-title":"Association of Melasma in Patients With Thyroid Dysfunction and Their Clinical Profile: A Cross\u2010sectional Observational Study","volume":"17","author":"Patel N. H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Karkoszka J.Rok andD.Wrze\u015bniok \u201cMelanin Biopolymers in Pharmacology and Medicine\u2014Skin Pigmentation Disorders Implications for Drug Action Adverse Effects and Therapy \u201d17 no.4(2024):521.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17040521"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2022.0159","article-title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pigmentation\u2010related Dopachrome Tautomerase and Melanocortin\u20101 Receptor Genes Are Associated With Wet Age\u2010related Macular Degeneration in a Finnish Cohort","volume":"100","author":"Koskela A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_36_1","first-page":"100979","volume-title":"Pigmentation Disorders\u2010Etiology and Recent Advances in Treatments","author":"Ly F.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60788-2_4","volume-title":"Atlas of Common and Rare Genodermatoses","author":"Moftah N.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2022.08.021","article-title":"The Comprehensive Assessment of Epigenetics Changes During Skin Development","volume":"5","author":"Lei L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fundamental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-024-02239-5","article-title":"The Aging Paradox: Integrating Biological, Genetic, Epigenetic, and Aesthetic Insights Into Skin Aging and Non\u2010surgical Interventions","volume":"47","author":"Webb W. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Plastic Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_20_40_1","article-title":"Hyperpigmentation as a Primary Symptom of Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Case Report","volume":"14","author":"Jangda A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2174\/1574885518666230330114431","article-title":"Potential of Herbal Extracts as Sunscreens and Antihyperpigmentation Treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kothapalli L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Drug Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11050178","article-title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Crude Procyanidin Extract From Green Soybean Seed and the Stability of Bioactive Compounds in an Anti\u2010Aging Skin Care Formulation","volume":"11","author":"Pohntadavit K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.436","article-title":"42807 A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Oral Omega\u20103 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Vectorized in Marine Phospholipids to Prevent the Post\u2010Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Dark Skin Types After a Non\u2010Ablative Laser","volume":"89","author":"Campos V.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64830-5_10","volume-title":"Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations. Updates in Clinical Dermatology","author":"Payne L. C.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_20_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23825","article-title":"Treatment of Iron\u2010Induced Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation with Energy\u2010Based Devices","volume":"56","author":"Sharma A. N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. T. N.Ngoc J. Y.Moon andY. C.Lee \u201cAntioxidants for Improved Skin Appearance: Intracellular Mechanism Challenges and Future Strategies \u201d45 no.3(2023):299\u2013314.","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12848"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.188968","article-title":"Natural Tyrosinase Enzyme Inhibitors: A Path From Melanin to Melanoma and Its Reported Pharmacological Activities","volume":"1878","author":"Logesh R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2010Reviews on Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_20_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155762","article-title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Perspective","volume":"28","author":"Baber M. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030502","article-title":"Kojic Acid Showed Consistent Inhibitory Activity on Tyrosinase From Mushroom and in Cultured B16F10 Cells Compared With Arbutins","volume":"11","author":"Wang W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_20_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8226","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098226","article-title":"Naturally\u2010occurring Tyrosinase Inhibitors Classified by Enzyme Kinetics and Copper Chelation","volume":"24","author":"Kim H.\u2010D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_20_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22159","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA03196A","article-title":"Natural and Synthetic Flavonoid Derivatives as New Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Obaid R. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00284-6","article-title":"Skin Hyperpigmentation and Its Treatment With Herbs: An Alternative Method","volume":"7","author":"Rathee P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12763","article-title":"Natural Sources of Melanogenic Inhibitors: A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"Goelzer Neto C. F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_54_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Braun\u2010Falco\u00b4 s Dermatology","author":"B\u00f6hm M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-83144-4.00019-8","volume-title":"Cosmetic Procedures in Skin of Color","author":"Agbai O. N.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_56_1","volume-title":"Pigmentation Disorders\u2010Etiology and Recent Advances in Treatments","author":"Damodaran A.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823974-2.00003-6","article-title":"Tyrosinase Enzyme and Its Inhibitors: An Update of the Literature","author":"Carradori S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metalloenzymes"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_58_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Exploring the Skin Whitening Properties of Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review","author":"Do T. A. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Khoa H\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115574","article-title":"Targeting Tyrosinase in Hyperpigmentation: Current Status, Limitations and Future Promises","volume":"212","author":"Zolghadri S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_20_60_1","article-title":"Topical Hydroquinone for Hyperpigmentation: A Narrative Review","volume":"15","author":"Fabian I. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. A.Charoo \u201cHyperpigmentation: Looking Beyond Hydroquinone \u201d21 no.10(2022):4133\u20134145.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14746"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315165905-9","volume-title":"Hyperpigmentation, in Cosmeceutical Science in Clinical Practice","author":"Leight H.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_63_1","volume-title":"Effects of Topical Corticosteroids, Topical Corticosteroids under Occlusion, and Topical Brimonidine on the Prevention of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation after Q\u2010Switched 532\u2010nm Nd: YAG Laser Treatment of Solar Lentigines","author":"Tumsutti P.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031243","article-title":"Post\u2010inflammatory Hypopigmentation: Review of the Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Options","volume":"12","author":"Rao M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_65_1","article-title":"Adrenal Insufficiency, Corticosteroid Treatment, and Associated Neurological Disorders: An Exploration of Pathogenic Connections","author":"Olivarez\u2010Kidwell R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"The University of Arizona"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_66_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing Tretinoin to Other Topical Therapies in the Treatment of Skin Photoaging: A Systematic Review","author":"Siddiqui Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_20_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16415","article-title":"Topical Retinoids: Novel Derivatives, Nano Lipid\u2010Based Carriers, and Combinations to Improve Chemical Instability and Skin Irritation","volume":"23","author":"Zhong J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5551774","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Strategies to Reduce Retinoid\u2010Induced Skin Irritation in Topical Formulation","volume":"2024","author":"Narsa A. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatology Research and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_69_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of 15% Azelaic Acid Gel in the Management of Post\u2010Inflammatory Erythema and Post\u2010Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Acne Vulgaris","author":"Shucheng H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatology and Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Searle F. R.Ali andF.Al\u2010Niaimi \u201cThe Versatility of Azelaic Acid in Dermatology \u201d33 no.2(2022):722\u2013732.","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1800579"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_71_1","first-page":"716","article-title":"The Multiple Uses of Azelaic Acid in Dermatology: Mechanism of Action, Preparations, and Potential Therapeutic Applications","volume":"40","author":"Sauer N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Dermatology and Allergology\/Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology\/Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.52711\/2231-5691.2024.00045","article-title":"Tyrosinase Inhibition: A Potent Mechanism of Action of Plants Used in Treatment of Melasma","volume":"14","author":"Popaniya H. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201023666220823144242","article-title":"A Comprehensive Study to Explore Tyrosinase Inhibitory Medicinal Plants and Respective Phytochemicals for Hyperpigmentation; Molecular Approach and Future Perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Insaf A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16043338","article-title":"Kaempferol and kaempferol Rhamnosides With Depigmenting and Anti\u2010inflammatory Properties","volume":"16","author":"Rho Ho S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060713","article-title":"Anti\u2010Melanogenic Activity of Ethanolic Extract From Garcinia atroviridis Fruits Using in Vitro Experiments, Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation","volume":"13","author":"Tedasen A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49351-3","article-title":"Synergistic Impact of Arbutin and Kaempferol\u20107\u2010O\u2010\u03b1\u2010L\u2010rhamnopyranoside From Nephelium Lappaceum L. on Whitening Efficacy and Stability of Cosmetic Formulations","volume":"13","author":"Siridechakorn I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13717","article-title":"Management of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: An Overview of Nature\u2010Based Agents and Alternative Approaches","volume":"33","author":"Sawant O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatologic Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_20_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.357744","article-title":"In Vitro Anti\u2010melanoma Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds","volume":"12","author":"Sioud F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.05.0016","article-title":"Silymarin Inhibits Melanin Synthesis in Melanocyte Cells","volume":"61","author":"Choo S.\u2010J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00892","article-title":"Biochemical Characterization of Ferulic Acid and Caffeic Acid Which Effectively Inhibit Melanin Synthesis via Different Mechanisms in B16 Melanoma Cells","volume":"41","author":"Maruyama H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_20_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15543","article-title":"Ferulic acid \u2013 A novel topical agent in reducing signs of photoaging","volume":"35","author":"Zdu\u0144ska\u2010P\u0119ciak K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatologic Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_20_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14114425","article-title":"Depigmenting Effect of Catechins","volume":"14","author":"Sato K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044207","article-title":"Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Essential Oils From the Citrus Cultivars Peels","volume":"24","author":"Yang J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_20_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15535","article-title":"Brightening Effect of Ziziphus jujuba (jujube) Fruit Extract on Facial Skin: A Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Clinical Study","volume":"35","author":"Aafi E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatologic Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12505","article-title":"Safety Assessment, Biological Effects, and Mechanisms of Myrica rubra Fruit Extract for Anti\u2010Melanogenesis, Anti\u2010Oxidation, and Free Radical Scavenging Abilities on Melanoma Cells","volume":"18","author":"Juang L.\u2010J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12777","article-title":"Flower Extracts From Paeonia decomposita and Paeonia ostii Inhibit Melanin Synthesis via cAMP\u2010CREB\u2010Associated Melanogenesis Signaling Pathways in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells","volume":"43","author":"Guo L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Food Biochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2174\/2210315507666170509130921","article-title":"In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts and Constituents of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. Flowers","volume":"7","author":"Magid A. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Natural Products Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_20_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00619","article-title":"trans\u2010Caffeic Acid Stearyl Ester from Paeonia suffruticosa Inhibits Melanin Synthesis by cAMP\u2010Mediating Down\u2010Regulation of \u03b1\u2010Melanocyte\u2010Stimulating Hormone\u2010Stimulated Melanogenesis Signaling Pathway in B16 Cells","volume":"35","author":"Liang C.\u2010H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00494.x","article-title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Glabridin From Licorice Extracts on Melanogenesis and Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Yokota T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08653.x","article-title":"p \u2010Coumaric Acid, a Constituent of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, Inhibits Cellular Melanogenesis Stimulated by \u2010melanocyte Stimulating Hormone","volume":"159","author":"An S. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12224","article-title":"Inhibition of Melanogenesis by \u03b2 \u2010Caryophyllene From Lime Mint Essential Oil in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells","volume":"37","author":"Yang C.\u2010H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.13.310","article-title":"Suppressive Effect of Defatted Kiwi Fruit Seed Extract on Acute Inflammation and Skin Pigmentation","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Science and Technology Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12921","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Shell of Camellia oleifera Abel Extract on Mushroom Tyrosinase and Human Skin Melanin","volume":"18","author":"Liu W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11040142","article-title":"Glossogyne Tenuifolia Essential Oil Prevents Forskolin\u2010Induced Melanin Biosynthesis via Altering MITF Signaling Cascade","volume":"11","author":"Lin W.\u2010T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.36.17.10.061","article-title":"Chemical Composition and the Potential of Lavandula Angustifolia L. oil as a Skin Depigmentant","volume":"12","author":"Andrei F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Records of Natural Products"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2015.16.2.135","article-title":"Anti\u2010melanogenic Effects of Black, Green, and White Tea Extracts on Immortalized Melanocytes","volume":"16","author":"Kim Y. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115848","article-title":"Morus alba L. root Decreases Melanin Synthesis via Sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate Signaling in B16F10 Cells","volume":"301","author":"Zheng Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_20_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102559","article-title":"Identification of Anti\u2010melanogenesis Constituents From Morus alba L. leaves","volume":"23","author":"Li H. X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22040514","article-title":"Anti\u2010melanogenic Properties of Greek Plants. A Novel Depigmenting Agent From Morus alba Wood","volume":"22","author":"Chaita E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106557","article-title":"Oxyresveratrol From Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Ameliorates Post\u2010inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Vitro by Anti\u2010melanogenesis, Inhibiting Melanosome Transfer, and Providing Photoprotection","volume":"122","author":"Wang H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12763","article-title":"Natural Sources of Melanogenic Inhibitors: A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"Goelzer Neto C. F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8030059","article-title":"Date Fruit and Seed in Nutricosmetics","volume":"8","author":"Alharbi K. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_20_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.52.1458","article-title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitors From Rhododendron Collettianum and Their Structure\u2013Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies","volume":"52","author":"Ahmad V. U.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_20_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22769","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA04652H","article-title":"Elucidating Bis\u2010pyrimidines as New and Efficient Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, SAR, Kinetics and Computational Studies","volume":"14","author":"Afzal M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_105_1","article-title":"Implications of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Disorders","volume":"2022","author":"Xing X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12626","article-title":"Thiamidol Containing Treatment Regimens in Facial Hyperpigmentation: An International Multi\u2010Centre Approach Consisting of a Double\u2010Blind, Controlled, Split\u2010Face Study and of an Open\u2010Label, Real\u2010World Study","volume":"42","author":"Philipp\u2010Dormston W. G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_107_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Comparison of 10%, 20% and 40% Licorice Extract Cream as Skin Lightening Agent","volume":"2","author":"Rakhmini A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Medical Reviews and Case reports Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9030061","article-title":"A Review of Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and Applications","volume":"9","author":"Mawazi S. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0333-6","article-title":"Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Kaufman B. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115574","article-title":"Targeting Tyrosinase in Hyperpigmentation: Current Status, Limitations and Future Promises","volume":"212","author":"Zolghadri S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_20_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr198","article-title":"The Safety and Regulation of Natural Products Used as Foods and Food Ingredients","volume":"123","author":"Abdel\u2010Rahman A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.10.010","article-title":"Synergy Effects of Herb Extracts: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Basis","volume":"92","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_20_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22159","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA03196A","article-title":"Natural and Synthetic Flavonoid Derivatives as New Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Obaid R. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050559","article-title":"The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine From Natural Products","volume":"21","author":"Yuan H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_115_1","first-page":"E50","article-title":"Skin Safety and Health Prevention: An Overview of Chemicals in Cosmetic Products","volume":"60","author":"Panico A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_20_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081014","article-title":"Interactions Between Medical Plant\u2010derived Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Antimicrobial Combination Effects","volume":"11","author":"Vaou N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-4600-2_25","volume-title":"Traditional Resources and Tools for Modern Drug Discovery: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacology","author":"Tiwari S. S.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48840"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_20_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030828","article-title":"Bioactive\u2010based Cosmeceuticals: An Update on Emerging Trends","volume":"27","author":"Goyal A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_120_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cosmeceuticals: The New Medicine of Beauty","volume":"108","author":"Martin K. I.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112676","article-title":"Multifunctional Active Ingredient\u2010based Delivery Systems for Skincare Formulations: A Review","volume":"217","author":"Kouassi M.\u2010C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_20_122_1","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Principles and Approaches for Optimizing Therapy With Unique Topical Vehicles","volume":"13","author":"Rosen J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_20_123_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Clinical Relevance of Maintaining the Functional Integrity of the Stratum Corneum in Both Healthy and Disease\u2010affected Skin","volume":"4","author":"Del Rosso J. Q.","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_124_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Assessing Attributes of Topical Vehicles for the Treatment of Acne, Atopic Dermatitis, and Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"94","author":"Eastman W. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.07.086","article-title":"Delivery Systems for Cosmetics\u2010From Manufacturing to the Skin of Natural Antioxidants","volume":"322","author":"Costa R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2015.1115900","article-title":"Encapsulation of Cosmetic Active Ingredients for Topical Application \u2013 a Review","volume":"33","author":"Casanova F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Microencapsulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_20_127_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Enhancing Topical Pharmacotherapy for Acne and Rosacea: Vehicle Choices and Outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Green L. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_20_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2022.2116715","article-title":"Antioxidant and Anti\u2010tyrosinase Activities of Quercetin\u2010loaded Olive Oil Nanoemulsion as Potential Formulation for Skin Hyperpigmentation","volume":"44","author":"Silva C. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2020.1865993","article-title":"A Promising and Effective Platform for Delivering Hydrophilic Depigmenting Agents in the Treatment of Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation: Kojic Acid Nanostructured Lipid Carrier","volume":"49","author":"Khezri K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124731","article-title":"Nano\u2010vesicular Systems for Melanocytes Targeting and Melasma Treatment: In\u2010vitro Characterization, Ex\u2010vivo Skin Retention, and Preliminary Clinical Appraisal","volume":"665","author":"Hatem S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_20_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2012.668955","article-title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitor\u2010loaded Microsponge Drug Delivery System: New Approach for Hyperpigmentation Disorders","volume":"29","author":"Deshmukh K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Microencapsulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_20_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2019.1569032","article-title":"Azelaic Acid\u2010Loaded Nanoemulsion With Hyaluronic Acid \u2013 a New Strategy to Treat Hyperpigmentary Skin Disorders","volume":"45","author":"Jacobus Berlitz S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_20_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2016.1228718","article-title":"Skin Delivery of Epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate (EGCG) and Hyaluronic Acid Loaded Nano\u2010transfersomes for Antioxidant and Anti\u2010aging Effects in UV Radiation Induced Skin Damage","volume":"24","author":"Avadhani K S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T21:25:55Z","timestamp":1744493155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202403324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403324","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202403324"}}