{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:41:47Z","timestamp":1790217707910,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected parasitic disease, and the first\u2010line treatments for VL include drugs that exhibit serious toxicological issues. In this sense, new molecules are sought for VL treatment, such as Carvacrol (Car), a phenolic monoterpene that has shown strong activity against\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0spp. However, its low solubility prevents its free administration, requiring a new therapeutic strategy such as encapsulation in chitosan biopolymeric nanoparticles. This study aimed to develop chitosan biopolymeric nanoparticles (NPChi) encapsulating Car (NPCar) and evaluate their in vitro anti\u2010leishmanial activity. The NPChi had particle sizes of 89.43 \u00b1 0.774\u00a0nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.168 \u00b1 0.01 and zeta potential of 12.8 \u00b1 2.17\u00a0mV. The NPCar showed particle size of 144.9 \u00b1 1.7\u00a0nm, PDI of 0.224 and zeta potential of 15.7 \u00b1 1.01\u00a0mV. NPCar reduced the cytotoxicity of Car on human erythrocytes. Moreover, NPCar showed inhibition of\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    with an inhibitory concentration (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 2.659 \u00b1 0.26 \u00b5g\/mL. Thus, NPCar exhibited enhanced anti\u2010leishmanial activity compared to free Car while reducing cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes, making them promising candidates for further studies on VL treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T16:13:39Z","timestamp":1745511219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antileishmanial Activities of Carvacrol Nanoencapsulate in Biopolymeric Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joyce Cordeiro","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Industrial Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology (LANNI) Center for Biotechnology Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Paraiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Beatriz Cunha","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Industrial Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology (LANNI) Center for Biotechnology Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Paraiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Lima","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of Infectious Diseases (LABIDIC) Center for Biotechnology Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Paraiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana de Lima Souza","family":"Keesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of Infectious Diseases (LABIDIC) Center for Biotechnology Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Paraiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Andr\u00e9 de Almeida","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Campus Ouricuri University of Pernambuco  Ouricuri Pernambuco Brazil"},{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco  Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Mac\u00e1rio Ferro","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco  Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9006-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elis\u00e2ngela Afonso de Moura","family":"Kretzschmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Industrial Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology (LANNI) Center for Biotechnology Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Paraiba 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