{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:54:36Z","timestamp":1790362476223,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the morphological characteristics, pigment production, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of secondary metabolites from the filamentous cyanobacterium <jats:italic>Phormidium<\/jats:italic> sp. PB21, isolated from freshwater ecosystems. The strain demonstrated significant potential for bioactive compound production, as evidenced by its chlorophyll\u2010<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> and carotenoid production. Chlorophyll\u2010<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> levels increased at 0.071\u00a0mg\/mL by day 24, reflecting robust photosynthetic activity, while carotenoid content reached a maximum of 1.6\u00a0mg\/mL under controlled conditions, highlighting its potential for pigment\u2010based applications. Antimicrobial assays using methanol: chloroform (1:3) crude extracts revealed inhibition of human pathogens, including <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic> sp. (12\u00a0mm) and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (11\u00a0mm), with minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 15.6\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for specific fractions. Toxicity assessment using <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic> indicated dose\u2010dependent effects, with LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 93\u00a0and 82\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for fractions 3 and 4, respectively, suggesting potential as natural bioactive agents. The gas chromatography\u2010high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the sample identified key bioactive compounds, including decanoic acid, 5\u2010acetoxytridecane, and 1\u2010undecanol, based on their characteristic <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic> values. These compounds exhibit potential antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory, and pharmacological properties, highlighting the sample's promising therapeutic and industrial applications. These findings emphasize the biotechnological potential of <jats:italic>Phormidium<\/jats:italic> sp. PB21, particularly in antimicrobial and pigment production applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T21:28:09Z","timestamp":1741728489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites in <i>Phormidium<\/i> sp. PB21: Pigment Production, Antimicrobial Potential, and Toxicity Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Prasannabalaji","family":"Nainangu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PG &amp; Research Department of Microbiology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College Kanchipuram India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerthiga","family":"K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PG &amp; Research Department of Microbiology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College Kanchipuram India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaran","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PG &amp; Research Department of Microbiology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College Kanchipuram India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PG &amp; Research Department of Microbiology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College Kanchipuram India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahas Perianaika Matharasi","family":"Antonyraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-024-02376-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md21060359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9080798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12090548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2024.00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-011-9424-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33360-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-05640-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Cyanophyta","author":"Desikachary T. V","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2020.101772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2024.32363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09666-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-009-0030-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.932695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1072061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"In Vitro Assessment of Lyngbya Sp. and Phormidium Sp. Extracts for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties","volume":"8","author":"Prasannabalaji N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1034471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569543.2012.754772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-06371-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/egyjs.2022.143340.1013"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T18:21:28Z","timestamp":1753294888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202403415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202403415","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202403415"}}