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Phytochemical analysis revealed that sumac extract had the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total anthocyanin content followed by pomegranate peel and almond leaves. All extracts and fractions showed antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and enzyme (HAS and DPP\u2010IV) inhibition activities and also suppressed STZ effects in diabetic mice by increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010transferase, and insulin, as well as by decreasing HOMA2\u2010IR, urea, and creatinine, with sumac extract showing benefits even when administered prior to STZ. In addition, in vivo results showed that sumac fruit extract significantly improved glycemic control by reducing fasting blood sugar, enhancing insulin secretion, and improving insulin resistance. These findings suggest that all tested extracts, particularly sumac, possess significant antioxidant, phytochemical, and antidiabetic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:08:57Z","timestamp":1741738137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antioxidants and Antidiabetic Potential of Polyphenolic Fractions and Crude Extracts of <i>Rhus typhina<\/i> Fruit, <i>Punica granatum<\/i> L. Peel, and <i>Terminalia catappa<\/i> L. Leaves: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mudassir","family":"Nazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Arsalan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Iqra University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Ghufran Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Ajmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taseer Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tsoupras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lukas  Kavala Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahina","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2010.00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-021-09773-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15114-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","first-page":"1249","article-title":"The Effect of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) 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