{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:44:11Z","timestamp":1777081451076,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose of our study was to investigate the curative effect of an enriched total oligomer flavonoid (TOF) extract from\n                    <jats:italic>Rhamnus alaternus<\/jats:italic>\n                    on ethanol\u2010induced rat hepatic injury. We investigated the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>R. alaternus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in adult Wistar rats administered the drug (20\u00a0mg\/kg) along with 4\u00a0g\/kg of 40% ethanol. The findings noted that treatment with ethanol caused an increase in serum liver function parameters (alanine transferases, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin), in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), in interleukin 1 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), in granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF), and in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in hepatic antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione. In addition, it intensified histopathological changes in the liver, as revealed by mononuclear cells\u2019 infiltration and steatosis compared to control. When compared to the ethanol\u2010alone\u2010treated group, the rat receiving ethanol plus TOF extract exhibited significant decrease in serum liver function parameters, in TNF\u2010\u03b1, in IL\u20101\u03b2 in GM\u2010CSF and MDA levels, and increased hepatic antioxidant activities. Histopathological observations confirmed the curative effect of TOF against ethanol\u2010induced liver injury in rats. These results suggest that TOF extract from\n                    <jats:italic>R. alaternus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has hepatoprotective effect by elevating antioxidative potentials and levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:15:13Z","timestamp":1745424913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antioxidant, Antigenotoxic, and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Properties of\n                    <i>Rhamnus alaternus<\/i>\n                    Leaf Extract Against Ethanol\u2010Induced Liver Injury in Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines Bouhlel","family":"Chatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Geology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies in Gab\u00e8s University of Gab\u00e8s  Gab\u00e8s Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahsine","family":"Kosksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salima","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arem","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Rejeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawres","family":"Debbabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumaya Kilani","family":"Jaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila Chekir","family":"Ghedira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, 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