{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T19:24:42Z","timestamp":1773343482266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fungal infections caused by pathogenic fungi, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , range from oral thrush to severe systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. To address this, we employed a single\u2010step reaction procedure to esterify methyl gallate (MG) and ethyl gallate (EG), isolated from the EtOAc\u2010soluble fraction of the hydromethanolic leaf extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Vachellia nilotica<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. (Fabaceae), using substituted benzoyl chlorides. The structures of the synthesized ester analogs (MG1\u2013MG4 and EG1\u2013EG4) were characterized using UV, FT\u2010IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Among them, MG1 showed the highest\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhibition (83.8%). Molecular docking analysis against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    14\u03b1\u2010demethylase (CaCYP51) revealed a binding free energy (\u2206\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>bind<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of \u201333.08\u00a0kcal\/mol for MG1, which is comparable to that of fluconazole (\u201336.91\u00a0kcal\/mol) and consistent with the in vitro results. MD simulation demonstrated good stability of complex\u2010MG1 throughout the simulation, with fluctuations remaining below 4.0\u00a0\u00c5. In the active site, fluconazole formed a hydrogen bond with T267, while MG1 interacted with Y461 via hydrogen bonding. Given the close alignments between in vitro and in silico results, MG1 is identified as a potential\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhibitor, although alternative inhibition mechanisms may also be involved. However, further research, including in vivo studies and toxicity evaluations, is required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T22:03:36Z","timestamp":1744754616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["New Methyl and Ethyl Gallate Esters Linked Chlorinated Benzoyl Derivatives as Anti\u2010\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    Agents: Isolation, Semi\u2010Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5495-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salar","family":"Hafez\u2010Ghoran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post\u2010Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC Research Campus Kannapolis North Carolina United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-5791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ikhlas","family":"Abdjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Surabaya  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah Khameis Farag","family":"Teia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gusti Made","family":"Sanjaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Surabaya  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arikasuci Fitonna","family":"Ridassepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Surabaya  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Abdulmajid","family":"Ayatollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Iqbal","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000238951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-023-00683-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12100921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2010.26.4.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1848","article-title":"In Vitro Activity of Methyl Gallate Isolated From Galla rhois Alone and in Combination With Ciprofloxacin Against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella","volume":"18","author":"Choi J.\u2010G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-6664.2009.00335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3941242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400330"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181012208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21121716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17089426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2015.1133611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"1863","article-title":"Activity of Gallic Acid and Its Ester Derivatives in Caenorhabditis elegans and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Models","volume":"9","author":"Singulani J. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemistry & Biodiversity"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10091402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340911795677602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.778308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026893308040195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ct300418h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.24011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.5b00255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-012-9565-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp003020w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.8b00462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ct400341p"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:54:53Z","timestamp":1773010493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202500153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500153"}}