{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:07:26Z","timestamp":1791925646281,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is a prevalent, chronic, and debilitating disorder characterized by high treatment resistance. <jats:italic>Symplocos racemosa<\/jats:italic>, containing phenols and triterpenoids, acts as an antidepressant by elevating brain monoamine levels. This study aimed to enhance the targeted delivery of <jats:italic>S. racemosa<\/jats:italic> via nano\u2010emulsion and improve its therapeutic efficacy against depression. In addition, it sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects through molecular docking studies. <jats:italic>S. racemosa<\/jats:italic> bark was extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate, yielding six phytoconstituents (ellagic acid, betulinic acid, acetyl oleanolic acid, salireposide, oleanolic acid, and symlocoside) through column chromatography. Molecular docking against MAO\u2010A was performed to confirm significant binding affinity. A chitosan\u2010loaded herbal nano\u2010emulsion containing these phytoconstituents was formulated for enhanced brain delivery tested using animal studies using forced swim test (FST) and actophotometer models. Docking studies confirmed that all the components exhibit a good binding toward MAO\u2010A, comparable to standard moclobemide, and among all salireposide has the most significant and better binding affinity, higher than moclobemide. Nano\u2010emulsion, at both dosages, reduced the immobility time in the FST and increased the locomotor activity in the actophotometer of depressed mice. Nano\u2010emulsion of isolated phytoconstituents from <jats:italic>S. racemosa<\/jats:italic> exhibited synergistic effects, effectively managing depression by inhibiting MAO\u2010A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T13:44:28Z","timestamp":1741873468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preparation, In Vivo and Molecular Docking Study of Nano\u2010Emulsion Obtained From the Isolated Phytoconstituents of <i>Symplocos racemosa<\/i> for Mitigating Depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4109-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archna","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmol","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1338-1011","article-title":"Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence From Preclinical Studies","volume":"87","author":"Moragrega I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02444-2","article-title":"The NMDA Receptor Antagonists Memantine and Ketamine as Anti\u2010Migraine Agents","volume":"396","author":"Podkowa K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naunyn\u2010Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220103140834","article-title":"The Role of Natural Products in Treatment of Depressive Disorder","volume":"20","author":"Noori T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114692","article-title":"Natural Products for the Treatment of Stress\u2010Induced Depression: Pharmacology, Mechanism and Traditional Use","volume":"285","author":"Dai W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Symplocos racemosa Roxb","volume":"5","author":"Vadivu R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural Products: An Indian Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5567\/pharmacologia.2014.76.83","article-title":"Phytopharmacological Profile of Symplocos racemosa: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Bhusnar H. 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