{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:11:45Z","timestamp":1773493905668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Loading of\n                    <jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. (\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) into an alginate nanocarrier offers a new gateway for the development of antidiabetic drug leads with improved bioactivities. The present study aimed to formulate, characterize, and investigate antidiabetic and anti\u2010inflammatory activities of alginate nanocarrier loading\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 50% acetone leaf extracts. Alginate nanocarrier loading\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts were prepared by the ionic gelation technique and characterized. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by \u03b1\u2010amylase, \u03b1\u2010glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase\u2010IV, antiglycation, glucose adsorption, and glucose uptake assays. Anti\u2010inflammatory potential was assessed through xanthine oxidase, membrane stabilization, and anti\u2010hyaluronidase assays. Formulated alginate nanocarrier had satisfactory characterization data. Alginate nanocarrier loading ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts were capable of inhibiting \u03b1\u2010amylase, \u03b1\u2010glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase\u2010IV, and glycation activities compared to their crude extracts. The\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol extract exhibited potent anti\u2010inflammatory activity upon loading into an alginate nanocarrier, attaining IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values below 1\u00a0mg\/mL across all evaluated assays. Alginate nanocarrier loading\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol extract exhibited more desirable characteristics with improved activities than the other two nanoformulations. In conclusion, the findings of the present study would facilitate the development of stable and potent antidiabetic drug leads, preferably using alginate nanocarrier loading\n                    <jats:italic>C. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol extract to be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T20:10:10Z","timestamp":1755115810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alginate Nanocarrier Loading\n                    <i>Catharanthus roseus<\/i>\n                    L. Extracts: An Emergent Formulating Approach to Enhance Antidiabetic and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7845-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayomi Deshani","family":"De Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Ruhuna  Galle Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4365-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anoja Priyadarshani","family":"Attanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Ruhuna  Galle Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8002-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyanage Dona Ashanti Menuka","family":"Arawwawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Technology Institute  Colombo Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree Nedra","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya  Kandy Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geethi Kaushalya","family":"Pamunuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management Wayamba University of Sri Lanka  Kurunegala Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prenap.2023.100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6182815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2016.1182487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2024.2381375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2016.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies8040080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2024.100444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0899-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902020000118672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-020-00567-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.JainandN. K.Aggarwal \u201cPotential Antioxidant and Antiviral activities of Various Hydroethanolic Extracts \u201d in ed.D.Lahiri M.Nag D.Bhattacharya S.Pati andT.Sarkar(Springer 2025) 37\u201360.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3663-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Standardization of Sri Lankan Market samples of Rubia cordifolia Linn","volume":"3","author":"Pushpakanthi H. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Comparative Studies on Proximate Analysis and Amino Acid Composition of Leaf and Flower Proteins Conducted on Medcinal Plant, Catharanthus roseus: Available in Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Standardization of Leaves of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don","volume":"1","author":"Goswami S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7235489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cjs.v51i2.8011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Optimization and Stability Assessment of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Particle Size and Zeta potential","volume":"25","author":"Shah R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Mudalige H.Qu D.Van Haute S. M.Ansar A.Paredes andT.Ingle \u201cCharaterization of Nanomaterials: Tools and Challenges \u201d in ed.A. L.Rubio M. M.Sanz(Elsevier 2019):313\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814130-4.00011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.104751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.108727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7240046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2023.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202302300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic mechanisms of Allium sativum, Citrus sinensis, and Persea americana Eztracts Effects on Inhibition of digestive Enzymes, Glucose Adsorption and Absorption on Yeast cells and Psoas Muscles","volume":"5","author":"Azantsa B. G. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Research Open Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-019-01661-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200203n"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf505850q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.806470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","volume-title":"General Guidelines for Assessing the Quality of Herbal Medicines With Reference to Contaminants and Residues","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2023.2282964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14082947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1239-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-020-00207-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. L.Singleton R.Orthofer andR. M.Lamuela\u2010Ravent\u00f3s \u201cAnalysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin Ciocalteu Reagent \u201d in vol299 ed.L.Packer(Academic Press 1999) 152\u2013178.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.09.053"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1773489021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202500320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202500320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00320"}}