{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:33:17Z","timestamp":1788517997574,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Caesalpinia bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) and\n                    <jats:italic>Gymnema sylvestre<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Retz.) are traditional remedies for diabetes management. This study explored their potential synergistic effects in alloxan (ALX)\u2010induced diabetic Wistar rats. Aqueous\u2010methanol extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed kernels (\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract [CBE]) and\n                    <jats:italic>G. sylvestre<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves (\n                    <jats:italic>G. sylvestre<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract [GSE]) were phytochemically characterized. In vivo, experimental diabetic rats were treated with metformin (MET; 150\u00a0mg\/kg), CBE (400\u00a0mg\/kg), GSE (400\u00a0mg\/kg), and a combined dose of CBE\u00a0+\u00a0GSE at 400\u00a0mg\/kg (200\u00a0mg\/kg of each plant extract) for 28 days. Biochemical analyses revealed significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of the extracts, with the combined treatment (CBE\u00a0+\u00a0GSE) demonstrating superior outcomes. This combination improved fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Additionally, CBE\u00a0+\u00a0GSE significantly modulated insulin secretion and stress\u2010related gene expression while downregulating the c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinase (JNK)\/mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Histopathological results further confirmed the enhanced antidiabetic effects of the combination therapy. These findings suggest that the combined use of\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. sylvestre<\/jats:italic>\n                    offers a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes management due to the complementary pharmacological activities of their phytochemicals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T18:50:31Z","timestamp":1747075831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Synergistic Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects of\n                    <i>Caesalpinia bonduc<\/i>\n                    (L.) and\n                    <i>Gymnema sylvestre<\/i>\n                    (Retz.) in Alloxan\u2010Induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shaneel","family":"Kousar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Lahore  Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Naeem","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rida","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Rehan","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifat Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00690-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2053149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S236127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816666201103143818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-019-0729-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2023.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Jacob B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Antidiabetic Effects of Methanolic Extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum Seeds in Diabetic Rats","volume":"44","author":"Abduallah A. 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