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The aim of the study is to identify the active partitions of PCF against inflammation\u2010related respiratory diseases and explore their therapeutic effects and mechanisms. In the present study, two active partitions, 50\u2010EFP\u20102 and 70\u2010EFP, were obtained through anti\u2010inflammatory bioactivity\u2010guided enrichment of macroporous resin. These two partitions at 10\u00a0mg\/kg potently alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010stimulated acute lung inflammation (ALI) and ovalbumin (OVA)\u2010induced asthma in mice. Phytochemical investigation was performed using ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010MS\/MS) and high\u2010performance LC (HPLC), and indicated that withanolides are the predominant constituents of these two partitions. Moreover, their potential targets were predicted by network pharmacological analysis, which showed that withanolides in PCF mainly attenuated ALI and asthma by regulating nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB) to inhibit inflammatory response. 50\u2010EFP\u20102 and 70\u2010EFP inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating NF\u2010\u03baB and nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2), both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, two partitions rich in withanolides were discovered from PCF, which potently alleviated ALI and asthma by regulating Nrf2 and NF\u2010\u03baB pathways. These findings provide the foundation for discovering withanolide\u2010type leading compounds and developing novel therapeutics against inflammation\u2010related respiratory diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T17:54:54Z","timestamp":1764093294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Active Substances and Mechanism of\n                    <i>Physalis Calyx seu Fructus<\/i>\n                    Against Inflammation\u2010related Respiratory Diseases via Integrating Ultra\u2010Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2010Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and Experimental Verification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University  Jinan P. 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