{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:03:59Z","timestamp":1785341039339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigates the phytochemical content and biological activities of the\n                    <jats:italic>C. canum<\/jats:italic>\n                    stem bark extracts, focusing on its antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The ethyl acetate extract yielded known xanthones of 1\u2010hydroxy\u20107\u2010methoxyxanthone\n                    <jats:bold>(1)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , caloxanthone C\n                    <jats:bold>(2)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , trapezifolixanthone\n                    <jats:bold>(3)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , ananixanthone\n                    <jats:bold>(4)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , euxanthone\n                    <jats:bold>(5)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , gentisin\n                    <jats:bold>(6)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 2\u2010hydroxyxanthone\n                    <jats:bold>(7)<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mangostin\n                    <jats:bold>(9)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , and a novel compound, canumolactone\n                    <jats:bold>(8)<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Sequential maceration using\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol was conducted to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The ethyl acetate extract had the highest TPC (277.33\u00a0mg GAE\/g), while the chloroform extract showed the highest TFC (139.56\u00a0mg QE\/g). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 7.52 \u00b5g\/mL), with a strong negative correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.968) between TPC and DPPH scavenging activity. Antibacterial testing against\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed significant efficacy, with MIC values as low as 0.056\u00a0mg\/mL. Molecular docking showed that gentisin had the highest binding energy against Penicillin\u2010binding proteins (PBP). These findings emphasize the importance of solvent selection in bioactive compound extraction and highlight\n                    <jats:italic>C. canum<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts as promising sources of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:51:33Z","timestamp":1775645493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of\n                    <i>Calophyllum Canum<\/i>\n                    Hook. f. ex T. Anderson Extracts: Molecular Docking Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mas Atikah","family":"Lizazman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA  Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien Jong Yi","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA  Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiruventhan","family":"Karunakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Drug Research Universiti Sains Malaysia  Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiizamy","family":"Suffian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resource Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak  Kota Samarahan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Hisam","family":"Zamakshshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resource Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak  Kota Samarahan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asla Marleena","family":"Nazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA  Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik Zakuan Hakim Bin Nik Mohd","family":"Nazri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak Kampus Mukah  Mukah Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Izwan Bin","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak Kampus Mukah  Mukah Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirnpal Kaur Banga","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Parasitology School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus  Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc\u20102020\u20100089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1222522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2116021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/j39690000486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Development of a HPLC Method for Quantification of Amentoflavone in Leaf Extracts of Three Calophyllum Species","volume":"23","author":"Aminudin N. 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