{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:02:22Z","timestamp":1773493342872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009374","name":"Pakistan Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSF\/CRP\/Consr\u2010676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSF\/CRP\/Consr\u2010676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Species within the\n                    <jats:italic>Quercus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus hold significant therapeutic value and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. This study aimed to identify, analyze, and evaluate the phytochemicals from\n                    <jats:italic>Quercus baloot<\/jats:italic>\n                    Griff. leaves using\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      (Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    and ethanol\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      (Q\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    extracts against the Huh7 liver cancer cell line and bacterial strains\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The chemical compositions of\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Q\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    were assessed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Molecular docking, density functional theory, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies were conducted using PyRx virtual screening, Gaussian, SwissADME, StopTox, and Protox. Spectroscopic analysis identified nine key phytochemicals: phloroglucinol, proline betaine, coniine, conhydrine, methyl acetate, 2\u2010acetyl\u20101\u2010pyrroline, oleuropein aglycone, daidzein, and apigenin. In silico studies suggested that oleuropein aglycone, daidzein, and apigenin could serve as future inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed their strong binding interactions with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (PDB\u20101M17). Antibacterial assays showed that\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Q\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    had greater inhibitory effects on\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (19\u00a0mm) and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (20\u00a0mm).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Q\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    also exhibited higher % inhibition (70.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.64) against Huh7 cells than\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (48.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.53). These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Q. baloot<\/jats:italic>\n                    phytochemicals could be potential liver cancer modulators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T17:58:10Z","timestamp":1759600690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical, Toxicological, and In Silico Aspects of Holm Oak (\n                    <i>Quercus baloot<\/i>\n                    Griff.): A Rich Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Farhan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Government College Women University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahzaib","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6241-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"},{"name":"Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rimsha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haris","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin Kim","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute For Advanced Studies Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University  PathumWan Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashfaq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy University of Hafr Al Batin  Hafr Al Batin Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-024-09935-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12223873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSSR.2010.5773882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1920683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Identification and Detection of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts","volume":"6","author":"Ingle K. P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.950109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.900506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2019.126267.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v19i3.45856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094943"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060679"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites of Various Plants: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Jain C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.676458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0113894501312571240920070441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/2394\u20104722.2023.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2168758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04515-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30390-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66491-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2024.103253"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088\u2010024\u201001283\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP9341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"A.Njoku S.Okafor andC.Okeke In Silico Investigation of Novel Compounds of Marine Origin as Potential Migrastatics: Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Published: 01 November 2023 by MDPI in 9th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry session Emerging technologies in drug discovery.2023 https:\/\/sciforum.net\/manuscripts\/15781\/manuscript.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-024-05866-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271602"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AABC.S323657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202401776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003055174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00818-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17091968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068\u2010016\u20100489\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14071452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/environments10050071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.113144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f15030429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f14040777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c00532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.96.3.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","volume-title":"Alkaloids: Their Relevance in Cancer Treatment","author":"Varela C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b511161g"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b23017-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.01.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.929044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011268s"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54319\/jjbs\/140310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201017666160725120656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470531792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2021.100643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/41978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304490"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2024-0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v10i13.21130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","volume-title":"In Silico Investigation of Molecular Properties and Molecular Docking of Darunavir: An Anti\u2010HIV Drug","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22271\/phyto.2023.v12.i3a.14656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2022.113658"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comtox.2023.100295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.125070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.12.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6307457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13071103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25051135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.103366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2245494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2379-6849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2294181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701556.2022.2072342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11594\/jtls.14.01.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11050968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2236329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1894-x"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501107","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:43:46Z","timestamp":1773488626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202501107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01107"}}