{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:27:56Z","timestamp":1789162076669,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Tocoyena formosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a medicinal species used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, which may include infections. This study analyzed the hexane (HETF) and ethanolic (EETF) extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>T. formosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    to identify their chemical composition and antimicrobial potential. Gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry revealed that HETF is mainly composed of\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010alkanes, especially\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nonacosane (70.02%), while EETF contains pentacyclic triterpenes, such as ursolic acid (72.08%) and oleanolic acid (16.30%). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. HETF showed activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] of 128 and 256 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively), while EETF was active against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC 256 \u00b5g\/mL). When combined with imipenem, both extracts enhanced their efficacy against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC = 20\u201332 \u00b5g\/mL). EETF exhibited strong antifungal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (IC\u2085\u2080 = 57.0 \u00b5g\/mL), and both extracts reduced fungal growth in\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also inhibiting morphogenesis of\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 512 \u00b5g\/mL. Thus,\n                    <jats:italic>T. formosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts proved to be an important source of bioactive compounds, especially\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010alkanes and triterpenes, acting either alone or potentiating the action of conventional drugs against infectious microorganisms, making them a promising source for the development of pharmaceutical products targeting bacteria and fungi.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T20:44:01Z","timestamp":1752266641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, and Drug\u2010Potentiating Activities of Extracts From\n                    <i>Tocoyena formosa<\/i>\n                    (Cham. &amp; Schltdl.) K.Schum. (Rubiaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0803-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicidade Caroline","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Federal University of Pernambuco \u2013 UFPE, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Flaviana Bezerra","family":"Morais\u2010Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Weverton","family":"Almeida\u2010Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Federal University of Pernambuco \u2013 UFPE, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jailson Lima","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Federal University of Pernambuco \u2013 UFPE, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Juno Alencar","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana dos Santos","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Ramos","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Luiz","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique Douglas Melo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri \u2013 URCA  Crato Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Fernando Morais","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Federal University of Pernambuco \u2013 UFPE, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70086-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1846494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001\u20103765201920180117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1705155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201920180117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2022.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/phrev.phrev_21_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Bot\u00e2nica Sistem\u00e1tica: Guia Ilustrado Para Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o Das Fam\u00edlias de Faner\u00f3gamas Nativas e Ex\u00f3ticas No Brasil","author":"Souza V. C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200713422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2023.2193698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202320221026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2023.2276388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.12.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0436-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges in gastrointestinal infections","volume":"2","author":"Negrut N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Military Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Review: Associated Microorganisms to Gastrointestinal Infections","volume":"63","author":"Sotelo\u2010Coronado J. I.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Mexicana de Patolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Medicina de Laboratorio"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24221\/jeap.6.4.2021.4272.326-351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.250264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000151267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203\u2010022\u201002959\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2000-9-1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5216\/rpt.v48i3.58993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010\u2010023\u201004577\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/620472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.4022-4034.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00608-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31183\/imcp.2020.00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"5965","article-title":"Phytocompounds and Modulatory Effects of Anacardium microcarpum (cajui) on Antibiotic Drugs Used in Clinical Infections","volume":"9","author":"Barbosa\u2010Filho V. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422005000400009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-5053.19960024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1830748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1242631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X113119990042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2021.1948538"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:24:53Z","timestamp":1773008693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202501208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01208"}}