{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:03:38Z","timestamp":1773493418588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants like\n                    <jats:italic>Trillium govanianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are crucial for ensuring consistent bio\u2010efficacy. In this study, a total of 16 chemical entities were identified from\n                    <jats:italic>T. govanianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    for the first time through UHPLC\u2013QToF\u2013MS\/MS\u2010based analysis. Phytochemicals from juvenile, young, and mature rhizomes were further fractionated using\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane, ethyl acetate,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol, and water solvents. Solvent\u2010specific variation was observed in the yields of fractionated phytochemicals, which ranged from 0.45% to 0.64% in ethyl acetate, 1.87% to 4.91% in\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol, and 7.36% to 9.52% in water. Notably, UHPLC\u2013ELSD quantification revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained 0.589\u20130.876\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of specific saponins, with the highest dioscin content (0.470\u20130.812\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) observed in young rhizomes.\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Butanol fraction yielded 7.53\u201330.75\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of saponins, predominantly containing protodioscin (6.28\u201327.76\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). In silico pharmacological profiling indicated strong antifungal (0.784) and antibacterial (0.602) activities of protodioscin. The crude extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Among the fractionated phytochemicals, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antifungal activity, with an MIC of 64\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . These findings highlight the significance of both the type and concentration of bioactive compounds in\n                    <jats:italic>T. govanianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and are critical for optimizing its therapeutic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T16:24:19Z","timestamp":1758299059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental Stage\u2010Wise Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Saponin\u2010Enriched Fractions From\n                    <i>Trillium govanianum<\/i>\n                    Rhizomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4701-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surendra Singh","family":"Bisht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division ICFRE\u2010Forest Research Institute  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Bisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division ICFRE\u2010Forest Research Institute  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology  Raipur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awanish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology  Raipur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prithvi Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u2010H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab CSIR\u2010Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology  Palampur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Upendra","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u2010H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab CSIR\u2010Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology  Palampur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maneesh S.","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Tree Improvement Division ICFRE\u2010Forest Research Institute  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendra K.","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Tree Improvement Division ICFRE\u2010Forest Research Institute  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511565113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.04.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ARRB\/2015\/11674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.04.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"A Review on Saponins From Medicinal Plants: Chemistry, Isolation, and Determination","volume":"8","author":"El Aziz M. 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