{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:07:28Z","timestamp":1773493648612,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sapogenins, the aglycone moieties of saponins, have garnered interest for their potential as antimicrobial agents due to their membrane\u2010disrupting properties. This study investigates a selection of natural and semi\u2010synthetic derivatives of two key sapogenins, diosgenin and tigogenin, to evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A series of derivatives with modifications at the C\u20103 position were synthesised and tested for their effects on bacterial growth, carbon metabolism, and membrane disruption. Results from microbial growth assays identified pseudo\u2010diosgenin and (25\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u20105\u03b1\u2010spirostan\u20103\u03b2\u2010yl\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glutamate as the most effective inhibitors of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed high sensitivity to (25\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010spirost\u20105\u2010en\u20103\u03b2\u2010yl pyridine\u20103\u2010carboxylate and pseudo\u2010diosgenin. The EcoPlate assays demonstrated compound\u2010specific inhibition of bacterial metabolism, particularly by diosgenin ((25\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010spirost\u20105\u2010en\u20103\u03b2\u2010yl (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u20103\u2010(3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate) and pseudo\u2010diosgenin ((25\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010furost\u20105\u2010en\u20103\u03b2\u2010acetoxy\u201026\u2010ol), highlighting disruptions in key pathways such as carbohydrate and phenolic compounds metabolism. These findings underscore the potential of sapogenins, particularly modified derivatives, as promising leads in the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T19:50:17Z","timestamp":1755114617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploration of Sapogenins as Promising Lead Compounds in the Development of Novel Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Cybulski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2010Industrial Chemistry Institute  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2010Industrial Chemistry Institute  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Grzywaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology Poznan University of Technology  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Krzeczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2010Industrial Chemistry Institute  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Zieli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2010Industrial Chemistry Institute  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Smu\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology Poznan University of Technology  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867023369709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11102856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jdvar.2023.12.00336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.63.3.708\u2010724.1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Cestrum parqui Saponins: Possible Interaction With Membrane Sterols","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed D. 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