{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:49:39Z","timestamp":1785862179563,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The essential oil of\n                    <jats:italic>Medicago marina<\/jats:italic>\n                    was subjected to analysis at vegetative and reproductive stages of development, with a particular emphasis on its chemical composition, \u03b1\u2010amylase inhibition, and allelopathic activities. The results of the gas chromatography and molecular docking studies demonstrated alterations in oil yield and composition throughout the developmental stages. Before blooming, hydrocarbons were the predominant compounds, while monoterpenes were abundant during the reproductive stage, with higher concentrations of eugenol (8.86%) and \u03b2\u2010ionone (17.67%) compared to earlier stages. The \u03b1\u2010amylase activity exhibited variation across the growth stages, with the highest enzyme inhibition (87.33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.001%) observed at 1.25\u00a0mg\/mL during the reproductive stage. The essential oil demonstrated pronounced allelopathic effects, markedly reducing radish stem elongation (94.09\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.62%) and root growth (95.71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2%). Furthermore, molecular docking analysis confirmed that five principal oil components exhibited strong inhibitory activity against human pancreatic \u03b1\u2010amylase and 4\u2010hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). These findings underscore the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>M. marina<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil as a hypoglycemic and allelopathic agent, influencing seed germination and the growth of radish and lettuce.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T22:23:22Z","timestamp":1754000602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multifaceted Study of\n                    <i>Medicago marina<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antidiabetic, and Phytotoxic Insights via In Vitro and In Silico Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"Melliti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27) Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assia","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabrouk","family":"Horchani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39) Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Faculty of Sciences University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza de Jesus Barros","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Ben Jannet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39) Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Faculty of Sciences University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Alatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)  Firenze Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozaniel Santana","family":"de Oliveirae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior Programa De P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Institute of Health Sciences Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayet","family":"Edziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27) Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2022.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1795653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1130097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Sources of Essential Oils, Handbook of Essential Oils","author":"Franz C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195848"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2020.104992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2009.10643706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011\u20100246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12\u201000246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1938228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Herbal Versus Synthetic Drugs; Beliefs and Facts","volume":"4","author":"Karimi A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Nephropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12991\/marupj.311816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"M.Kruse M.Strandberg andB.Strandberg \u201cEcological Effects of Allelopathic Plants\u2014A Review \u201d NERI Technical Report 315 (Ministry of Environment and Energy National Environmental Research Institute 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729\u2010023\u201001576\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2737416524500649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NP00060A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2020.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"5441","article-title":"Essential Oil Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. at Different Phenological Stages in Semi\u2010Arid Environmental Conditions","volume":"26","author":"Ton\u00e7er \u00d6.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fresenius Environment Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73193-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Antidiabetic and Pancreato\u2010Protective Effect of Clove Leaf Essential Oil in Diabetic Rats: In Vivo and Silico Study","volume":"31","author":"Prasetyo A. V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2024.101874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Diabetes and Insulin Resistance Associated Disorders: Disease and the Therapy","volume":"83","author":"Chakrabarti R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Evaluation of Medicago sativa L. Sprouts as Antihyperlipidemic and Antihyperglycemic Agent","volume":"28","author":"Seida A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2023.2236625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371\u2010024\u201000009\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8070233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Biological Control of Parthenium I\u00a0: Effect of Imperata Cylindrica on Distribution, Germination and Seedling Growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L.","volume":"7","author":"Anjum T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1274396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Potentialit\u00e9s All\u00e9lopathiques d'Allium roseum var. Grandiflorum subvar. typicum Regel","volume":"2","author":"Rouis\u2010Soussi L. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Bioresources Valorization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340712799828179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201004104\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02064439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2006.1774.1778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.129920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250\u2010022\u201000497\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.128628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109673(01)80947\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi701652t"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijctc.20170503.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","unstructured":"D.Visualizer Discovery Studio Visualizer. 2(Accelrys Software Inc 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","unstructured":"W.DeLano Molecular Graphics System PyMOL(Delano Sci San Carlos 2025)."}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501574","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501574","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:47:54Z","timestamp":1773488874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202501574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501574","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01574"}}