{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:01:43Z","timestamp":1785484903881,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Overpopulation poses a global challenge, intensifying the need for safe and effective contraceptive agents.\n                    <jats:italic>Thevetia peruviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Pers.) K. Schum., traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, contains cardiac glycosides and other bioactive constituents with potential antifertility effects. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, reproductive toxicity, and spermicidal potential of\n                    <jats:italic>T. peruviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract (TPLE) using RP\u2010HPLC\u2010MS\/MS profiling and in vivo evaluation in male Wistar rats. Metabolomic analysis identified 52 compounds, including cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and fatty acids. TPLE showed strong antioxidant activity and high phenolic\/flavonoid content. Repeated administration (12\u201324\u00a0mg\/kg for 60 days) caused a dose\u2010dependent reduction in sperm motility and count, increased oxidative stress (\u2191MDA, \u2193GSH), and dysregulated apoptotic\/steroidogenic genes (\u2191casp\u20103, \u2191bax, \u2193bcl\u20102, \u2193star, \u2193cyp11a1). Histopathology revealed seminiferous tubule degeneration, Leydig cell necrosis, and caspase\u20103 overexpression. These results suggest that TPLE induces spermicidal effects through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hormonal disruption, highlighting its potential as a plant\u2010based contraceptive. However, toxicity at higher doses warrants further investigation into safety, reversibility, and translational potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:06:43Z","timestamp":1767874003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disclosing Phytochemical Composition and Antifertility Potential of\n                    <i>Thevetia peruviana<\/i>\n                    (Pers.) K. Schum. Leaves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham Hassan","family":"Mekky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Egyptian Russian University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Zakaria","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Egyptian Russian University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Temraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al\u2010Azhar University Nasr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"F.Tohamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology &amp; Forensic Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Ana G. Mendez  Gurabo Puerto Rico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omayma","family":"El\u2010Gindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Egyptian Russian University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman I.","family":"Hassanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/absb.2022.138288.1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1357734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101\u2010020\u201009721\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020\u2010023\u201000869\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"4461","article-title":"Thevetia Peruviana (Pers.) 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