{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:00:17Z","timestamp":1775890817057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Broussonetia luzonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Family Moraceae, and locally called Himbabao, is a dioecious plant endemic to the Philippines. Despite extensive use of its flowers and young leaves as food, studies on Himbabao are limited, especially for the female species. In this study, the composition of both the male and female\n                    <jats:italic>B. luzonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves was investigated through a proximate, mineral, and phytochemical analysis. The proximate analysis was done by standard methods of moisture, ash, protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and carbohydrate content determination. The mineral analysis was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy for copper, iron, sodium, zinc, and potassium, and by ultraviolet\u2010visible spectroscopy for phosphorus. The phytochemical analysis was done through the analysis of the derivatized and underivatized n\u2010hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n\u2010butanol fractions of the\n                    <jats:italic>B. luzonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS). The proximate analysis showed that carbohydrate was the highest composition of the male leaves, whereas crude fat was for the female leaves. The mineral analysis showed that\n                    <jats:italic>B. luzonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a significant source of minerals, especially potassium. A total of 42 compounds with biological capabilities were identified from the GC\u2010MS profiling, with terpenes and terpenoids as the most abundant. The four extracts of both male and female leaves showed the presence of multiple compounds with known bioactivities, indicating possible health effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T17:45:25Z","timestamp":1766252725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical, Proximate, and Mineral Analysis of Male and Female\n                    <i>Broussonetia luzonica<\/i>\n                    Leaves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5305-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizelle Faye V.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Ateneo De Manila University  Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8413-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin N.","family":"Bondoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ateneo De Manila University Campus  Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7660-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian Ken D.","family":"Dimzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Ateneo De Manila University  Quezon City Philippines"},{"name":"Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ateneo De Manila University Campus  Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2012-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius Adrie A.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Ateneo De Manila University  Quezon City Philippines"},{"name":"Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ateneo De Manila University Campus  Quezon City Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science Rikkyo University  Toshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8323-6400","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Armando M.","family":"Guidote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Ateneo De Manila University  Quezon City Philippines"},{"name":"Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ateneo De Manila University Campus  Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Handbook on Trees","author":"Paz\u2010Alberto A. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"C. M.Aguilar N. C.Altoveros L. E.Endonela T. H.Borromeo H.deChavez andL. E.Sister \u201cHimbabao (Broussonetia luzonica). Indigenous Vegetables of the Philippines \u201d DOST\u2010PCAARRD (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Department of Science and Technology.\u201cHimbabaoBroussonetia luzonica \u201d Available at http:\/\/iveg.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph\/img\/Indigenous%20Vegetables%20Pamphlets\/Pamphlet%20No.%205%20Himbabao.pdf(Accessed: January 23 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Phytochemical Screening of Broussonetia luzonicus (Moraceae) Leaves","volume":"8","author":"Choa J. B. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2012.31.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(03)80137-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Official Method 930.15. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Official Method 942.05. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Official Method 978.10. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Official Method 948.22. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Official Method 2001.11. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471457817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Official Method 972.23. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470027318.a5110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/52.4.865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/APJTB.4.2014C1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2021.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(89)90043-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Department of Science and Technology\u2014Food and Nutrition Research Institute \u201cHimbabao Leaves \u201d Available at https:\/\/i.fnri.dost.gov.ph\/fct\/library(Accessed:January 23 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of an Invasive Exotic Species Broussonetia Papyrifera in Ghana","volume":"7","author":"Obour R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2007.803.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajac.20140203.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements","author":"Otten J. 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M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0896(95)00081-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/12020139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(01)00392-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-3-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","unstructured":"Supporting Information 1: GCMS Chromatogram and Identity of the Underivatized MaleB. luzonicaLeaves. p. 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","unstructured":"Supporting Information 2: GCMS Chromatogram and Identity of the Underivatized FemaleB. luzonicaLeaves. p. 6."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"Supporting Information 3: GCMS Chromatogram and Identity of the Derivatized MaleB. luzonicaLeaves. p. 10."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","unstructured":"Supporting Information 4: GCMS Chromatogram and Identity of the Derivatized FemaleB. luzonicaLeaves. p. 15."}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501939","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501939","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:30:35Z","timestamp":1775889035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202501939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202501939","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01939"}}