{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:32:12Z","timestamp":1791847932548,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Phytosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a green, effective, and sustainable method that uses the phytochemicals in the biosynthesis of NPs as reducing and stabilizing agents. In this work, two forms of nickel oxide (NiO) have been synthesized and characterized using different physicochemical tools. The first NiO is NiO\u20101, which is photosynthesized using olive (\n                    <jats:italic>Olea europaea<\/jats:italic>\n                    L) leaf extract and nickel nitrate as a precursor of nickel ions. The second NiO is NiO\u20102, which is synthesized via the thermal treatment of NiO\u20101 at 550\u00b0C. The photocatalytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities have been studied. The semiconducting properties of NiO\u20102 were higher than NiO\u20101, with energy band gap values of 3.4\u00a0eV and 5.2\u00a0eV, respectively. When exposed to natural sunlight, NiO\u20102 broke down 95% of 5\u00a0ppm crystal violet dye in 40 min, making it an effective and sustainable photocatalyst. The antioxidant activity has been studied using the 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl assay and followed the order olive leaf extract &gt; NiO\u20102 &gt; NiO\u20101 with IC50 values of 2.3, 7.66, and 14.49, respectively. The antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against pathogenic microbes,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The best antimicrobial resulted from NiO\u20101, which showed more inhibition zones than the extract and NiO\u20102 against the tested microbes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:50:27Z","timestamp":1760115027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photocatalysis and Biomedical Applications of Phytofabricated Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles via Olive Leaf Extract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nasser. F.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hamad","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaima M. N.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed. F.","family":"Hasaneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallouma","family":"Bilel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reda","family":"Abdel\u2010Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year University of Hail  Hail Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen A. M.","family":"Alhamami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts Najran University  Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari S.","family":"Algethami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts Najran University  Najran Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Advanced Materials and Nano\u2010Research Centre (AMNRC) Najran University  Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr. M.","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46488\/NEPT.2023.v22i03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2021.138914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c13653"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Catalytic, and Photocatalytic Efficiency in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants","volume":"14","author":"Moradnia F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revic-2024-0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04949-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harnessing Wasted Mushroom Peel Aqueous Extract for Mycogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Solar Photocatalysis and Antimicrobial Applications","author":"Nassar A. 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