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Oken, known as \u201cKoshamra\u201d in Ayurveda, has long been used for treating pain, inflammation, ulcers, and rheumatic conditions. The present study investigated the anti\u2010arthritic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>S. oleosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    bark using both in vitro and in vivo models. The methanol extract (SOM) and its fractions,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane (SOH), ethyl acetate (SOE),\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol (SOB), and aqueous residue (SOA), were evaluated for cell viability, inhibition of nitric oxide production, and prevention of protein denaturation. Among all fractions, SOH showed the strongest in vitro activity and was selected for further testing in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)\u2010induced arthritic rats at doses of 200 and 400\u00a0mg\/kg. Further phytochemical investigation of SOH led to the isolation of lupeol, lupeol acetate, betulinic acid, and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010sitosterol. In addition, LC\u2010HRMS profiling confirmed the presence of triterpenoids and phytosterols in this fraction. In vivo results demonstrated that SOH, particularly at 400\u00a0mg\/kg, significantly reduced arthritic symptoms, improved antioxidant activity, and restored normal joint architecture. The treatment also lowered the levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL\u20101\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and IL\u20106. Network pharmacology analysis further supported the possible molecular mechanisms of the isolated triterpenoids in rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, the findings suggest that the\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane fraction of\n                    <jats:italic>S. oleosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    bark possesses promising anti\u2010arthritic activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1775027182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Schleichera oleosa<\/i>\n                    Bark Extract Shows Potent Anti\u2010Arthritic Activity in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)\u2010Induced Arthritis in Rats and Network Pharmacology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9901-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogita B.","family":"Tandalekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0546-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreyanshi","family":"Kulshreshtha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6721-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhawana","family":"Jangra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0088-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alok","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay M.","family":"Jachak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287\u2010023\u201003473\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296\u2010020\u201004731\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010023\u201008406\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1536023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02531827"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480540903483433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Traditional Phytotherapy of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"10","author":"Jain S. 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