{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:47:28Z","timestamp":1792788448729,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study first investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils extracted from the stem barks and leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>Bougainvillea glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    Choisy cultivated in Vietnam. The gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis revealed\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phytol as the major compound, especially in the leaf essential oil (75.5%). Both essential oils exhibited notable cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, with the stem bark oil showing stronger effects. The samples also displayed significant antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, nitric oxide (NO) suppression, and enzyme inhibitory properties against \u03b1\u2010glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with the leaf oil generally outperforming the stem bark oil.\n                    <jats:italic>B. glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed anti\u2010inflammation via the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) expressions. Especially, the studied oils (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    198.43\u2013227.18\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) are better than the standard acarbose (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    241.76\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) against the \u03b1\u2010glucosidase enzyme. Antimicrobial assays revealed moderate inhibition of two samples against both Gram (+) and Gram (\u2212) bacteria, but limited antifungal activity. The findings were further supported by computational analyses. Molecular docking and toxicity prediction of the three major oil constituents, linalool,\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phytol, and neophytadiene, revealed notable binding affinities to \u03b1\u2010glucosidase and favorable safety profiles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:49:45Z","timestamp":1760809785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Essential Oils From\n                    <i>Bougainvillea glabra<\/i>\n                    Stem Barks and Leaves: Chemical Profile, Biological Activity, and Computational Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mai Phuong","family":"Thanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phan Hong","family":"Minh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty Viet","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry University of Education Hue University  Hue Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi","family":"Huong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Technology Hanoi University of Industry  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Xuan","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninh The","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1276514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2013.794014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010021\u201006578\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1543684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1663122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Properties of Bougainvillea glabra: A Study of Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects in Methanol Extract","volume":"65","author":"Ravikumar P. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Forest Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"In Vivo Screening of Bougainvillea glabra Leaves for Its Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities","volume":"2","author":"Elumali A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2012.34058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.24430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1947\u20102714.100998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc\u20102016\u20100030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Trachyspermum ammi Essential Oil Against Human Bacterial Pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Hassanshahian M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004715005959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X241280876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae317"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502210","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:45:02Z","timestamp":1773488702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202502210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502210","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02210"}}