{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:56:24Z","timestamp":1789959384269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Fabaceae family is known for producing a diverse range of secondary metabolites having biological activity, including analgesic, anti\u2010inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. Three Fabaceae species,\n                    <jats:italic>Pterocarpus indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Adenanthera pavonina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Falcataria falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , possess pharmacological potential that has not been thoroughly investigated. The goals of this study were (1) to determine the antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    of leaves and twigs extract of these three Fabaceae species and (2) to identify the putative secondary metabolites in the leaves and twigs of the species exhibiting the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The dried leaves and twigs of\n                    <jats:italic>P. indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. pavonina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    were extracted using ultrasonic\u2010assisted extraction, followed by an antibacterial bioassay utilizing broth dilution procedures. Qualitative and semiquantitative phytochemical screening was then carried out. Chemical substances were detected using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves methanol extract had MIC 1.30\u00a0mg\/mL and MBC 5.00\u00a0mg\/mL against\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and had trice higher antibacterial activity than\n                    <jats:italic>P. indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. pavonina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However,\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves ethyl acetate extract had MIC 0.30\u00a0mg\/mL and MBC 1.0\u00a0mg\/mL against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coil<\/jats:italic>\n                    , twice higher than\n                    <jats:italic>P. indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. pavonina<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract. This also positively correlated with the flavonoid contents obtained;\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves ethyl acetate extract had higher, that is, 43.93\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.56\u00a0mg QE\/g extract. However, the highest total phenolic content was found in the methanol leaf extract of\n                    <jats:italic>P. indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , although the methanol leaf extract of\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    was still relatively large, namely, 172.79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.51\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)\/g extract. LC\u2013MS analysis revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>F. falcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract included phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and carboxylic acids. Almost all extracts contained the active component kaempferol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T20:39:27Z","timestamp":1762547967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Twig of Three Fabaceae Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ika","family":"Resmeiliana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suminar S.","family":"Achmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"},{"name":"Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8201-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmanida","family":"Batubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"},{"name":"Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Murtini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Gerardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technologies Universit\u00e9 De Lorraine, INRAE, LERMAB  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gerardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technologies Universit\u00e9 De Lorraine, INRAE, LERMAB  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Dumarcay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technologies Universit\u00e9 De Lorraine, INRAE, LERMAB  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harlinda","family":"Kuspradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry Mulawarman University  Samarinda Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasya Arsy","family":"Putri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabila Hana","family":"Astari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phylogeny in Few Species of Leguminosae Family Based on matK Sequence","volume":"4","author":"Patel S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computational Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Review on Medicinal of Fabaceae Family","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacology Online"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Current Status of Anticancer Research in Fabaceae Family","volume":"9","author":"Sebastian R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharma Innovation Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38124\/ijisrt\/IJISRT24AUG722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30659\/odj.5.1.1\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58631\/ajhs.v2i4.41"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"876","article-title":"Standarisasi Ekstrak Infusa Kulit Kayu Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.)","volume":"4","author":"Utami S. 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