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The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti\u2010inflammatory effects of\n                    <jats:italic>S. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. hydrodistillation wastewater using murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and human intestinal epithelial Caco\u20102 cells exposed to\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Polyphenolic compounds in wastewater were identified by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry analysis, confirming the presence of organic acids (particularly hydroxycinnamic acids), flavones, and flavonols. This phytocomplex protected Raw 264.7 from\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    LPS\u2010induced inflammation by reducing nuclear factor kappa B nuclear translocation and its transcriptional activity (interleukin [IL]\u20106, IL\u20108, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha messenger RNA levels). Additionally, the wastewater reduced cyclooxygenase\u20102 protein expression in Caco\u20102 cells challenged with\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Interestingly,\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure resulted in a significant decrease in\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010epithelial electrical resistance values in Caco\u20102 cells, reflecting impaired barrier integrity, which was reverted by\n                    <jats:italic>S. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. wastewater, and this effect was associated with claudin\u20101 and occludin restoration, essential for maintaining intestinal barrier function. Present data confirms the protective effect of\n                    <jats:italic>S. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. hydrodistillation wastewater in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced inflammation, suggesting its potential application in the prevention and\/or treatment of intestinal inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:19:40Z","timestamp":1767874780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phenolic Profile and In Vitro Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities of\n                    <i>Salvia officinalis<\/i>\n                    L. Hydrodistillation Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8841-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sofia","family":"Molonia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica Lina","family":"Salamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"\u201cProf. Antonio Imbesi\u201d Foundation University of Messina  Messina 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