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Gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) analysis revealed significant qualitative and quantitative variations in essential oil composition, with yields ranging from 0.31% to 0.43% (w\/v). A total of 59 compounds were identified, including 31 unique compounds at the highest elevation, Site\u20103 (3900 m). Antioxidant activity, assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, increased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) with elevation. The essential oil from Site\u20103 exhibited the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 6.25\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL against\n                    <jats:italic>Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 24.33\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It also demonstrated superior in vitro antiproliferative effects against six human cancer cell lines via MTT assay. Therefore, the findings of the present study demonstrate elevation\u2010driven shifts in\n                    <jats:italic>R. anthopogon<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivities in the Kashmir Himalaya, highlighting adaptive responses to altitudinal stress and the potential for targeted high\u2010elevation harvesting in phytotherapy. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between environmental factors and the therapeutic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>R. anthopogon<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil at varying elevations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:34:02Z","timestamp":1773905642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevation\u2010Driven Variation in Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of\n                    <i>Rhododendron anthopogon<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil: A Case Study From the Himalaya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zahid Ahmed","family":"Mangral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology BGSB University  Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid Ul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology BGSB University  Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basharat Ahmad","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioresources Govt. 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