{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:14:19Z","timestamp":1792196059664,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory activities, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, DNA protective effects, and phytochemical contents of ethanol (E) and methanol (M) extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Punica granatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (pomegranate, PG). It also aimed to determine the inhibitory properties of epigallocatechin against the XO enzyme theoretically through molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and MM\u2010PBSA analyses, and to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of this component. PGFE showed the highest DPPH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>\n                    activity, while PGFM exhibited the highest FRAP activity. PGPM demonstrated a higher inhibitory effect on XO than the drug itself and showed greater anti\u2010inflammatory activity than diclofenac sodium. The DNA protection activity for PGPE was calculated to be 88.86%. A 100\u00a0ns MD simulation was conducted on the protein\u2013ligand interaction complex. In addition, the binding energy was found to be \u221224.51\u00a0kcal\/mol in MM\/PBSA analysis. Therefore, the bioactive components of PGP and PGF were responsible for their antioxidant, XO\u2010inhibiting, DNA\u2010protecting, and anti\u2010inflammatory effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T18:05:08Z","timestamp":1764093908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In Vitro Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition, DNA Protection, Anti\u2010Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activity, Phytochemical Analysis, and In Silico Studies of\n                    <i>Punica granatum<\/i>\n                    Peels and Flowers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunus","family":"Ba\u015far","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories Application and Research Center (ALUM) Igdir University  Igdir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semiha","family":"Yenigun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University  Tokat T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Demirtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tevfik","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202301299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804305-9.00003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804305-9.00004-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804305-9.00009-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052005r"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts From Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)","volume":"818","author":"Salgado L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Symposium on Pomegranate and Minor Mediterranean Fruits"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217\u2010011\u20101560\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jacb.2020.95837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109662004322984644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130\u2010011\u20100264\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR11.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gjp.2012.6.2.64226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91150-4.00021-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by the Leaf Extract of Nicotiana Tabacum","volume":"2","author":"Njokua D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Materials and Corrosion"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-89846-1.00013-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809740-3.00010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33714\/masteb.1220668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2019.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bulcsj\/uoae043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Y. P.Wong R. C.Ng S. P.Chuah R. Y.Koh andA. P. K.Ling \u201cAntioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Swietenia macrophylla and Punica granatum \u201d paper presented at International Conference on Biological Environment and Food Engineering (BEFE\u20102014) August2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_514_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.118780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00499C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010020\u20100441\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.05.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1412939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/602312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24323\/akademik\u2010gida.544647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13188\/2328\u20101723.1000005"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"1152","article-title":"Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activity of Punica granatum Peel Extract\u2014An In Vitro Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Rezvi B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Invention Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents and In Vitro Anti\u2010inflammatory Activity of Kashmiri Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) Flower Extract","volume":"13","author":"Rashid M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2018.1403419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004\u2010019\u20100205\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2003.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr950061t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406929200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38093\/cupmap.1461976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53433\/yyufbed.1621096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.09.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53445\/batd.1479874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141864"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Evaluation of Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activity of Canthium parviflorum by In\u2010Vitro Method","volume":"1","author":"Kandikattu K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1607858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2024.2442753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202400583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2025.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ct900549r"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18016\/ksutarimdoga.vi.1639294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2025.103646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2017.01.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.127762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2024.2303387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20104324\u20102025240574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.8.747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202400919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502470","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:36:08Z","timestamp":1775889368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202502470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02470"}}