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Pharmacopeia\u2010recorded concoctions include wine\u2010processed CR (wCR, resolving excessive heat of the upper energizer), zingiberis rhizoma recens\u2010processed CR (zCR, clearing gastric heat and harmonize the stomach) and evodiae fructus\u2010processed CR (eCR, soothing the liver and harmonising the stomach). This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of CR and its processed products (eCR, zCR, wCR) against gastric ulcer with liver\u2010stomach disharmony (GU\u2010LSD), a significant clinical syndrome. Integrating pharmacodynamics and metabolomics, the research found that processing significantly enhanced anti\u2010ulcer activity of CR. Specifically, eCR and zCR demonstrated superior efficacy compared to wCR and CR in reducing inflammation, suppressing gastric acid, strengthening mucosal defence, and enhancing antioxidant activity, linked to better recovery of key metabolites. Crucially, eCR uniquely restored hepatic energy metabolism and normalized bile secretion. These findings highlight the importance of processing and identify zCR\/eCR as particularly effective for GU\u2010LSD by targeting gastric\/ gastric and hepatic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:15:01Z","timestamp":1781709301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastric Ulcer With Liver\u2010Stomach Disharmony Protection by Coptidis Rhizoma: A Multi\u2010Organ Metabolomics Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhenkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou P.R. 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