{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:01:55Z","timestamp":1775890915817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively impairs memory and cognition.\n                    <jats:italic>Luffa acutangula<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LA), rich in triterpenoids, fatty acids, and iridoid glycosides, exerts anti\u2010Alzheimer's effects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This study aims to isolate bioactive compounds from LA fruits, formulate and optimize a nanoemulsion to improve brain targeting, and assess its anti\u2010Alzheimer efficacy through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. LA was extracted using a 1:1 hydro\u2010ethanol mixture and subsequently underwent chromatographic isolation to yield four major constituents: oleanolic acid, stearic acid, cucurbitacin H, and acutoside C. A multiple nanoemulsion (containing a mixture of isolated constituents) was formulated using Box\u2013Behnken design and characterized for particle size, viscosity, entrapment efficiency, and FTIR compatibility. In vivo studies were conducted in scopolamine\u2010induced memory\u2010impaired mice using Hebb\u2013William's Maze (HWM) and Cook's pole climbing tests. AChE activity was biochemically assessed, followed by histopathological brain analysis. Molecular docking was used to predict ligand\u2010AChE binding affinities. The optimized\n                    <jats:italic>L. acutangula<\/jats:italic>\n                    loaded multiple nanoemulsion (LAMN) exhibited an average particle size of 142.1\u00a0nm, viscosity of 60 cP, and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 96.8 %. It decreased learning scores in the HWM and shortened latency time in Cook's pole\u2010climbing test in memory\u2010impaired mice. AChE levels were significantly reduced in LAMN\u2010treated groups, correlating with histological evidence of hippocampal protection. Molecular docking revealed strong AChE binding, particularly by oleanolic acid (\u221210.5\u00a0kcal\/mol), comparable to donepezil (\u221210.7\u00a0kcal\/mol). LAMN offers a promising phytopharmaceutical intervention for AD, with multitargeted neuroprotective effects mediated through AChE inhibition and improved drug delivery across the blood\u2013brain barrier. The findings support further clinical development of LA\u2010based nanoformulations for AD management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:59:03Z","timestamp":1771304343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive\u2010Guided Isolation and Optimization of\n                    <i>Luffa Acutangula<\/i>\n                    Nanoemulsion for In vitro, In vivo, and\u00a0In silico\u00a0Cholinesterase Inhibition for Alzheimer's Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1922-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anmol","family":"Kanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avijit","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4109-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archna","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishnu","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology IIMT College of Pharmacy  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.13.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622416.2025.2560296"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105839"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101555"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2354466"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/pim\/163119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734072311552240718112619"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Review on Luffa acutangula L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Properties","volume":"7","author":"Manikandaselvi S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Curr Pharm Rev Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2025.2462964"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Luffa Acutangula Linn","volume":"1","author":"Anitha J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"(Luffa acutangula (L.) 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