{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:04:07Z","timestamp":1785341047300,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study explores the therapeutic potential of methanol extracts from the shells of the marine crab\n                    <jats:italic>Portunus sanguinolentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with a focus on inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to enhance acetylcholine (ACh) levels, an essential strategy in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GC\u2010MS analysis identified 18 distinct zoochemicals, predominantly fatty acid derivatives, and HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hexadecanoic acid, while FT\u2010IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups typical of polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 62.08\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL (DPPH) and 68.05\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL (ABTS), both showing strong dose\u2010dependent responses (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.90). AChE inhibition assays revealed dose\u2010dependent effects with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 161.49\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.943). Molecular docking studies further supported the bioactivity, indicating strong interactions between identified zoochemicals and key targets, including AChE (1EVE), Peroxiredoxin 5 (1HD2), Myeloperoxidase (1DNU), and MraY (5CKR). Additionally, the extract demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy, confirmed through MIC, MBC, zone of inhibition assays, cytoplasmic leakage (DNA and protein), and in silico predictions. These findings suggest that the\n                    <jats:italic>P. sanguinolentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    shell methanol extract contains bioactive zoochemicals with promising AChE\u2010inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Importantly, the use of crab shells not only contribute to drug development for Alzheimer's disease but also offers a sustainable approach to marine biowaste valorization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:45:54Z","timestamp":1776714354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive Zoochemicals From\n                    <i>Portunus sanguinolentus<\/i>\n                    Shells: A Sustainable Source of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shunmuga Vadivu","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasthi Gnanarani","family":"Soloman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemandhini","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saveetha Medical College and Technical Science Saveetha University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthil","family":"Bakthavatchalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukeshwaran","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACS Medical College and Hospital (A Constituent Unit of Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute)  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karnan","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Annai Vailankanni Arts and Science College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University)  Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandramohan","family":"Govindasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid S.","family":"Al\u2010Numair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3568-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramachandran","family":"Vinayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences Yeungnam University  Gyeongsan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Research Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2025.100995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.945091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmcr.2024.100154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010023\u201009021\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2024.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11311030006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094\u2010023\u201000578\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md19080410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1376768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA25859J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Identification and Comparative Studies of Different Volatile Fractions From Monochaetia Kansensis by GCMS","volume":"6","author":"Yogeswari S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Canavalia Gladiata (Jacq.) 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