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As no previous studies had been conducted on the\n                    <jats:italic>Capparis sicula<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>sicula<\/jats:italic>\n                    (caper) species, this study was chosen. For the first time, a methanol\u2013chloroform extract, pyrolysis liquid, and green\u2010synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained from caper fruit. GC\u2013MS\/MS analysis of the extract and pyrolysis revealed linoleic and palmitic acid methyl esters. In contrast, LC\u2013ESI\u2013MS\/MS analysis revealed high amounts of hesperidin (7.534\u00a0mg\/g extract) and caffeine (0.216\u00a0mg\/g extract), respectively. It was observed that the pyrolysis liquid had higher activity than the extract in terms of antioxidant activity (93.33% for DPPH and 8.01\u00a0\u00b5mol Trolox\/g extract), antibacterial activity (average of 8\u00a0mm for all bacteria), and enzyme inhibition (4.72\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for \u03b1\u2010glucosidase and 2.00\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for \u03b1\u2010amylase). A molecular docking study found that caffeine was effective against the enzyme catalase (\u22126.9\u00a0kcal\/mol). Therefore, by enabling the release of compounds not detected by conventional methods through pyrolysis, it will be possible to expand the use of these compounds as antioxidant and antibacterial agents in the food industry, pharmacology, and other industries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:12:17Z","timestamp":1767867137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Enhanced Bioactivity of Pyrolysis Liquid and AgNPs from\n                    <i>Capparis sicula<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>sicula<\/i>\n                    : Chemical Characterization and Mechanistic Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Semiha","family":"Yenig\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunus","family":"Basar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories Application and Research Center (ALUM) I\u011fd\u0131r University  Igdir Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Demirtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tevfik","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Busran","family":"Sunyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories Application and Research Center (ALUM) I\u011fd\u0131r University  Igdir Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aybek","family":"Yi\u011fit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Tuzluca Vocational School I\u011fd\u0131r University  Igdir Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lyas","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University  Tokat T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Hakk\u0131","family":"Alma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University  Kahramanmaras T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.06.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130\u2010015\u20100503\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470694954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661\u2010013\u20103546\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.12.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24998\/maeusabed.460081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Chemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Fractions and Essential Oils of Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. 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