{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:05:33Z","timestamp":1785330333709,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Centaurea<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a large genus of approximately 700 species, predominantly distributed across the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, that has been empirically used since ancient times for metabolic, inflammatory, hepatic, infectious, and neurological disorders. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 574 eligible studies published between 1955 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, SciFinder, and Web of Science. Included studies covered traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, in vitro and in vivo pharmacology, toxicity, and formulation techniques.\n                    <jats:italic>Centaurea<\/jats:italic>\n                    species demonstrate significant phytochemical diversity, especially sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and essential oils, which support their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, and hepatoprotective properties. Special emphasis\u2014including molecular identification tools, modern extraction technologies, and metabolomics\u2014has enhanced mapping chemical complexity, with modern bioassay platforms revealing its polypharmacology, formulation strategies, and remediation approaches. However, heterogeneity in extraction methods, assay systems, and reporting standards contributes to conflicting findings and limits comparability across studies. Structure\u2013activity relationships indicate that \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010lactone moieties, hydroxylated phenolics, and terpenoids are key compounds of bioactivity. Although\n                    <jats:italic>Centaurea<\/jats:italic>\n                    holds strong potential for pharmaceutical development, standardized protocols and rigorous translational research are emerging to address methodological inconsistencies, incomplete toxicological data, and the lack of clinical validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:08:36Z","timestamp":1783368516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Potential of\n                    <i>Centaurea<\/i>\n                    Genus: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Eman H.","family":"Reda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Laboratory National Organization For Drug Control and Research  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarik A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zienab T.","family":"Abdel Shakour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Laboratory National Organization For Drug Control and Research  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"El\u2010Halawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u2010Sayeda A.","family":"El\u2010Kashoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4819-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A. A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University  Minia Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Supportive Requirements University of Technology and Applied Sciences  Nizwa Oman"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal, Westville Campus  Durban South\u00a0Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled A.","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahla S.","family":"Abdel\u2010Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrine M.","family":"Hegazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally A.","family":"Abdel\u2010Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Par\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry Texas Tech University  Lubbock Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0343-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed\u2010Elamir F.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Johannes Gutenberg University  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1158\/4\/042029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2024.104874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2018v10i4.17528"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1537","article-title":"Antioxidant Potential of Flower Extracts From Centaurea Species","volume":"26","author":"Salachna P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.885315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523019666200609140532"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Sesquiterpene Lactone Fraction of Centaurea behen L. 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