{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:53:55Z","timestamp":1784613235959,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Lilium polyphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    D. Don ex Royle (Liliaceae) bulbs are traditionally used to treat various ailments; however, their phytochemical composition and bioactivities remain rarely explored. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities of\n                    <jats:italic>L. polyphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    bulb extract and fractions to validate its traditional use and explore new therapeutic applications. Gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry analysis was used for phytochemical characterization, while in silico toxicity predictions of the major compounds were carried out using online tools Swiss ADME and ProTox\u20103.0. Anticancer activity was performed through 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, whereas antidiabetic potential was examined via \u03b1\u2010glucosidase and \u03b1\u2010amylase enzyme inhibition assays. Antioxidant capacity was determined using 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl and 2,2\u2032\u2010azinobis (3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid radical scavenging methods. Phytochemical analysis of hydromethanolic extract (Cr. MeOH\u2010Ext) and hexane fraction (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hex\u2010fr) identified 37 compounds, including methyl esters of eicosanoic, hexadecanoic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. In silico studies predicted drug\u2010like and non\u2010toxic properties of the major identified compounds. In the MTT assay, the chloroform fraction (Chl\u2010fr) (half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration [IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] = 2.85 \u00b1 0.16\u00a0\u00b5M) and n\u2010Hex\u2010fr (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 6.41 \u00b1 0.20\u00a0\u00b5M) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HL\u201060 leukemia cells, comparable to venetoclax (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 6.26 \u00b1 0.41\u00a0\u00b5M). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the cytotoxic effect was probably due to apoptosis. In \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibition, the Cr. MeOH\u2010Ext (86.18%) and aqueous fraction (Aq\u2010fr) (84.09%) showed good activity, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 203.30 and 143.00\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. In \u03b1\u2010amylase inhibition, the Aq\u2010fr (79.56%) and Cr. MeOH\u2010Ext (77.77%) was found most active. Likewise, the Aq\u2010fr and Cr. MeOH\u2010Ext exhibited good radical scavenging effects. Our findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>L. polyphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    bulbs possess promising anticancer and antidiabetic properties due to their distinct phytochemical composition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T17:05:33Z","timestamp":1766163933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gas Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry\u2010Based Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of\n                    <i>Lilium polyphyllum<\/i>\n                    Bulb Extracts: Insights Into Anticancer and Antidiabetic Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Haider","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafiq Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humaira","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Sayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif Ali Khan","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam University  Gyeongsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573\u2010020\u201000114\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1356893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.103698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/phyton.2025.064056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf300671j"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40415\u2010015\u20100135\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221\u20101691(12)60032\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6475624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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