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Then, tiliroside (kaempferol 3\u2010O\u2010glucoside\u20106''\u2010E\u2010coumaroyl), an O\u2010glycosylated flavonoid isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Pavonia malacophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Link &amp; Otto) Garcke, was investigated for its ability to block SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral entry. Tiliroside was chemically characterized and tested for inhibition of the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike receptor\u2010binding domain (RBD)\u2010human ACE2 interaction using a bioluminescent immunoassay. At 10 \u00b5M, it inhibited 63% of RBD:ACE2 binding. Flow cytometry and pseudovirus assays assessed Spike internalization in endothelial cells and Spike\u2010pseudotyped infection, respectively. Flow cytometry confirmed reduced internalization after tiliroside treatment, while neutralization assays showed a dose\u2010dependent inhibition of pseudovirus infection, with an EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 18.5 \u00b5M. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of tiliroside to the Spike RBD, involving Lys417, Gly496, Tyr495, Tyr453, and Tyr505, with a predicted higher affinity than that of remdesivir and nafamostat. These results provide the first\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    evidence that tiliroside may be a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 entry inhibitor, highlighting\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosylated flavonoids as antiviral scaffolds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T19:00:07Z","timestamp":1778353207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tiliroside From\n                    <i>Pavonia malacophylla<\/i>\n                    (Link &amp; Otto) Garcke as an Anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Cell Entry Agent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariana Freire","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biotecnologia Vegetal e 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Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Allonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors Universidade Federal 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