{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:43:17Z","timestamp":1793036597027,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to comparatively characterize the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activities of\n                    <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>C. annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) cultivars. Twelve\n                    <jats:italic>C. annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivars representing red, yellow, and green groups were collected, extracted using methanol, and analyzed by reversed\u2010phase high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (RP\u2010HPLC) for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Multivariate chemometric analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and heat map analysis. Antioxidant potential was assessed by total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2\u2032\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene\u2013linoleic acid bleaching assay. The extract yields of the twelve\n                    <jats:italic>C. annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivars ranged from 20.21\u201339.41\u00a0g\/100\u00a0g of dry material. Thirteen phenolic acids, six flavonoids, and three other polyphenols were identified. Gallic acid was the most dominant phenolic acid, ranging from 54.72\u00a0mg\/kg in Libra to 1058.72\u00a0mg\/kg in SP\u201053, whereas catechin was the major flavonoid, ranging from 83.47\u00a0mg\/kg in AS\u2010102 to 691.79\u00a0mg\/kg in Rani. Multivariate analysis revealed cultivar\u2010dependent heterogeneity in phytochemical composition and highlighted the usefulness of chemometric approaches for resolving inter\u2010cultivar phytochemical diversity. TPC ranged from 30.51 to 60.81\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)\/g dry plant material, whereas TFC ranged from 9.10 to 30.91\u00a0mg catechin equivalent (CE)\/g dry plant material. Antioxidant activities also differed significantly among cultivars. Collectively, these findings demonstrate cultivar\u2010dependent variation and support the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C. annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivars as promising candidates for nutraceutical and functional food applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:32:37Z","timestamp":1779690757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Twelve\n                    <i>Capsicum annuum<\/i>\n                    Cultivars Revealed by RP\u2010HPLC and Chemometric Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6835-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajira","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Ijaz","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010023\u201003562\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14081984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1227517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196772"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47262\/SL\/11.3.132023800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1801301133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041251\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101\u2010021\u201009789\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/qas.v15i4.1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1603","article-title":"Morphological and Agronomic Characterization of (Capsicum annuum L.) 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