{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:57:29Z","timestamp":1785488249138,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The exploration of green chemistry approaches for novel nanoparticles derived from microalgae presents a promising frontier in the realm of biomedical applications, harnessing the unique properties of these microorganisms for innovative solutions in healthcare. Microalgae, mainly due to their rapid growth rates and ability to synthesize diverse bioactive compounds, have become an environmentally friendly, green chemistry method to produce nanoparticles, overcoming current toxic chemical approaches. This review study aims to clarify the processes that underlie the biosynthesis of different microalgal species' nanoparticles and the ensuing biomedical uses. The study investigates the manufacturing of copper, gold, iron, and silver nanoparticles and the optimization of other parameters, including pH and metal ion concentration. Characterization techniques such as UV\u2010Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, and XRD revealed particle sizes ranging from 2 to 149\u00a0nm with distinct crystalline structures. Notably, microalgae\u2010derived silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity (e.g., 77.01% DPPH and 88.12% ABTS scavenging at 500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL), potent antibacterial action (minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 5\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values: 25\u201330\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for HeLa and MCF\u20107; as low as 0.16\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for MCF\u20107). These nanoparticles also demonstrate high biocompatibility, with minimal toxicity to normal human cells at effective concentrations. Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of further studies in this area to create safe and efficient nanomaterials from microalgae for use in medical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T17:24:31Z","timestamp":1763659471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microalgae\u2010Derived Metal Nanostructures: Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jaya","family":"Lakkakula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Maharashtra  Mumbai India"},{"name":"Centre for Computational Biology and Translational Research Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Maharashtra  Mumbai 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