{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:04:00Z","timestamp":1785341040486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":247,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCHDI2411105279212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCHDI2411105279212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to limited access to, and the high cost of conventional veterinary services, Batswana communities often rely on ethnoveterinary practices for livestock health management. This review provides an in\u2010depth analysis on the ethnoveterinary uses, biological properties and safety assessment of plants utilised in livestock husbandry. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on articles published from 1997 to 2024. After generating the inventory of plants with ethnoveterinary data, further search was conducted to assess the documented biological activities, safety, and phytochemicals for the recorded plants. A total of 116 plants were documented as remedies for managing nine livestock conditions. The most cited health conditions were retained placenta (81 citations), diarrhoea (65), and wounds (44). The most prominent plants were\n                    <jats:italic>Senna italica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (10 citations),\n                    <jats:italic>Terminalia sericea<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8 citations), and\n                    <jats:italic>Ziziphus mucronata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8 citations). Approximately 52% of the 116 plants with ethnoveterinary records have empirical data on their biological effect, safety, and phytochemicals. Antimicrobial screening was the most common assay conducted (36%), which dominantly used microbial strains such as\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We established the vital role of ethnoveterinary practices in Batswana livestock management and the potential of plants in sustainable veterinary care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:18:16Z","timestamp":1776453496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alternative Approaches and Plant\u2010Based Remedies for Livestock Health Management Among the Batswana of Southern Africa: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tswelelopele G.","family":"Mpolokeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University  Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"South African Research Chairs Initiative in Indigenous Knowledge\u2010Driven Medicinal Plants Utilisation and Conservation Strategies for Human, Animal, and Crop Health (IK\u2010Medplants4HAC), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"Agricultural Research Council \u2013 Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndzalama","family":"Shikwambana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council \u2013 Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mompati V.","family":"Chakale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University  Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"South African Research Chairs Initiative in Indigenous Knowledge\u2010Driven Medicinal Plants Utilisation and Conservation Strategies for Human, Animal, and Crop Health (IK\u2010Medplants4HAC), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University Mmabatho South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Asong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit For Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Sciences North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndy J.","family":"McGaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen O.","family":"Amoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council \u2013 Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Unit For Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Sciences North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nqobile A.","family":"Masondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University  Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"Agricultural Research Council \u2013 Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeyemi O.","family":"Aremu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University  Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"South African Research Chairs Initiative in Indigenous Knowledge\u2010Driven Medicinal Plants Utilisation and Conservation Strategies for Human, Animal, and Crop Health (IK\u2010Medplants4HAC), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North\u2010West University Mmabatho South Africa"},{"name":"School of Agriculture and Science College of Agriculture Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South 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