{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:00:19Z","timestamp":1775890819250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the bioactive composition and antifungal efficacy of neem seed extracts (NSE) prepared using acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, and ethanol against\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus parasiticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis revealed solvent\u2010specific compounds profiles: ethanol extract contained 35 bioactive compounds (mainly esters and fatty acids), dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexadecanoic acid (28.65%); methanol extract had 29 diketopiperazines, with 3,6\u2010bis(2\u2010methylpropyl)\u20102,5\u2010piperazinedione (45.45%) as major; chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts featured long\u2010chain esters, hydrocarbons, and 2\u2010heptadecanone (33.15%), respectively. All extracts inhibited fungal growth at 500\u00a0mg\/mL, whereas ethanol was most effective at 31.25\u00a0mg\/mL, reducing mycelial biomass by 45%. Methanol and ethanol extracts (250\u00a0mg\/mL) suppressed aflatoxin (AF) (AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , AFB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) production by &gt;90%. Six\u2010month feed trials confirmed neem seed powder (NSP) as a potent biopreservative, achieving complete AF inhibition at 30% concentration. These findings highlight neem's potential as a natural antifungal and anti\u2010aflatoxigenic agent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T13:11:02Z","timestamp":1770124262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solvent\u2010Dependent Bioactive Composition and Antifungal Potential of Neem (\n                    <i>Azadirachta indica<\/i>\n                    ) Seed Extracts Against Mycotoxigenic\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Javid","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex  Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex  Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Malakand  Chakdara Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Bari","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Korea University Sejong South Korea"},{"name":"The Research Center for Medicinal Plants Al\u2010Farabi Kazakh National University  Almaty Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences College of Medicine Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Prevalence of Poultry Diseases at High Altitudes of District Poonch Azad Jammu & Kashmir","volume":"64","author":"Ahmad I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 in Commercial Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients","volume":"22","author":"Anjum M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2015.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3742\/OPEM.2005.5.4.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15090571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44372\u2010025\u201000211\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803265-7.00018-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha53114086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol\u20102022\u20100962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha53314558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30848\/PJB2023\u20104(22)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.52763\/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.55.3.2012.154.158","article-title":"Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry and Fish Feed by Various Chemicals","volume":"55","author":"Nisa A. 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