{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:04:15Z","timestamp":1785341055544,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum surattense<\/jats:italic>\n                    is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and although its chemical constituents and some pharmacological properties have been documented, its comprehensive pharmacological profile remains insufficiently characterized, necessitating further systematic investigation. The current study aimed to investigate its phyto\u2010constituents and to assess its antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antidiarrheal, and spasmogenic\/spasmolytic activities. Bioassay\u2010guided fractionation of the whole plant extract was performed using Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate. GC\u2010MS revealed 8 compounds in the dichloromethane fraction of\n                    <jats:italic>S. surattense<\/jats:italic>\n                    (DCMFSS), such as Loliolide and n\u2010hexadecanoic acid, which showed the highest percent area (1.23%), and 10 in the ethyl acetate fraction of\n                    <jats:italic>S. surattense<\/jats:italic>\n                    (EAFSS), such as 3\u2010Hydroxy\u20104\u2010methoxybenzoic acid, 4\u2010Vinylphenol, with the highest percent area (7.55%). Both fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 199\/162\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (DCMFSS) and 135\/150\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (EAFSS), respectively. DCMFSS and EAFSS exhibited anticholinesterase activity with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 22\/3\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 3\/6\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    against AChE and BChE, respectively. In vivo experiments on pigeons presented significant decreases in diarrhea and intestinal transit in comparison with controls. Ex vivo studies on isolated rabbit jejunum demonstrated a biphasic effect: both fractions had spasmogenic activity at lower dosages (0.01\u20131.0\u00a0mg\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and spasmolytic activity at higher dosages (3\u201315\u00a0mg\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values against spontaneous contraction were 8.67\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.43\u00a0mg\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (DCMFSS) and 12.16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.49\u00a0mg\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (EAFSS), whereas against KCl\u2010induced contraction, the values were 10.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34 and 9.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.59\u00a0mg\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub>\n                    respectively. These results mechanistically support the traditional use of\n                    <jats:italic>S. surattense<\/jats:italic>\n                    and highlight its potential for developing new therapeutic drugs for gastrointestinal disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:22:08Z","timestamp":1777015328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antidiarrheal, and Antispasmodic Potential of Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of\n                    <i>Solanum surattense<\/i>\n                    Burm. f"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8897-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaira","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz Ali","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nighat","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Islamia College University of Peshawar  Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5584-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atta Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husnu Cagri","family":"Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Sivas Cumhuriyet University  Sivas Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Mehtap","family":"B\u00fcy\u00fcker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Istanbul Medipol University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.636879"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12515-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-55512-8.00050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.614963"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2023.101829"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00380-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","article-title":"Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: the Promising Sources of Phyto\u2010insecticidal Compounds","author":"Chidambaram K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"Handbook of African Medicinal Plants","author":"Iwu M. 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