{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:14:21Z","timestamp":1783368861199,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis (<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bt) cowpea, a genetically modified cowpea variety expressing the\n                    <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic>\n                    toxin has been developed to confer resistance against certain insect pests. The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacological, phytochemical, proximate, FTIR, GC\u2010MS, and antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial activity in Bt cowpea extracts in ethanol, chloroform, and n\u2010hexane. Bt cowpea seeds were subjected to standard analytical methods. Results revealed that the ethanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, with significant zones of inhibition particularly against\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi and ESBL\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The mineral analysis showed high level of zinc (16.25%), iron (3.63%), and sodium (4.65%). Phytochemical analysis showed moderate level of flavonoids (5.21%) and saponins (2.10%) with low level of glycosides and alkaloids. Antioxidant assays showed significant activity, with the chloroform extract exhibiting the nitric oxide scavenging (116.6 mg\/100 g) and reducing power (64.77 mg\/100 g). The chloroform extract demonstrated the highest protein (22.40%) and carbohydrate (59.28%) content, while ethanol extract exhibited superior bulk density (0.732 g\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and swelling capacity. The results showed that Bt cowpea contains a range of bioactive compounds. According to the current study's findings, Bt cowpea has a lot of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:25:59Z","timestamp":1782293159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/i>\n                    (Bt) Cowpea Bioactive Activity and Gc\u2010Ms Profiling: A Food and Health Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Great Iruoghene","family":"Edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Al\u2010Nahrain University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Othuke","family":"Akpoghelie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Science Southern Delta University Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izuwa","family":"Iwanegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture University of Benin  Benin City Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Oghenewogaga","family":"Owheruo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Science Southern Delta University Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Precious Onome","family":"Obiebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Othuke","family":"Orogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ufuoma Augustina","family":"Igbuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Al\u2010Nahrain University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephraim Evi Alex","family":"Oghroro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Alamiery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Ayen Scientific Research Center Al\u2010Ayen Iraqi University  ThiQar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Efeoghene Athan","family":"Essaghah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Sciences Department of Urban and Regional Planning Southern Delta University  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Techniques Polytechnic College of Engineering Specializations \u2010 Baghdad Middle Technical University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa A.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Islamic University of Madinah  Madinah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huzaifa","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute Near East University  Mersin Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2022.100383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11112312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecofro.2024.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2025.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Compend. 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