{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T16:59:40Z","timestamp":1785085180381,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Ziziphus budhensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Rhamnaceae) is an endemic Nepalese species with significant religious and economic importance in Nepal, mainly due to the use of its seeds in religious ornaments. Its edible fruits and woody seeds are used for preparing Bodhichitta mala. Despite their significance, the seeds have received little scientific attention, particularly regarding their chemical composition and biological properties. To address this gap, sequential extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Z. budhensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    seeds were prepared using solvents of increasing polarity. Preliminary bioassays, namely antioxidant, antibacterial, and enzyme\u2010inhibitory activities, as well as toxicity studies, were performed. Biological screening showed moderate antioxidant and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010amylase inhibitory activities, whereas noticeable antibacterial and antifungal effects were witnessed for acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Brine shrimp lethality test and acute toxicity mouse models indicated limited or no toxicity for the different extracts. Liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry allowed the identification of fatty acids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. Overall, this study offers the first integrated chemical and biological insight into\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>budhensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    seeds and points to their potential relevance as a natural source of antimicrobial bioactive compounds, cosmetic products, and skin health formulations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:55:38Z","timestamp":1778763338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Ziziphus budhensis<\/i>\n                    Seed Extracts: Phytoconstituents and Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Samjhana","family":"Bharati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Amrit Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binita","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Amrit Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timila","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Amrit Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopal Gautam","family":"Khatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Trichandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Prasad","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Lal Swagat","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Amrit Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Dall'Acqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np040106y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200577010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b01055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.04.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5138\/09750185.2265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-022-09835-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"A New Species of Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) From Nepal Himalayas","volume":"4","author":"Bhattarai K. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Status and Ecological Preferences of \u201cBodhichitta\u201d (Ziziphus species): A Case Study From Pokhari Narayansthan VDC, Timal, Kavrepalanchowk, Central Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Lama F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Status of Bodichitta (Ziziphus budhensis) Cultivation and Its Prospects in Nepal","volume":"29","author":"Neupane H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Breaking the Stone\u00a0: Overcoming Seed Dormancy and Seedling Emergence of the Rare Ziziphus Budhensis in Bhutan Himalayas","volume":"4","author":"Dorji T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000892m"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Ageratina Adenophora","volume":"13","author":"King S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants","volume":"22","author":"Sengul M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17030292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11050181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1291694"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/dujps.v14i1.23733"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ajac.2017.86032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods","volume":"10","author":"Chang C.\u2010C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jncs.v43i2.53813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Assessment of Bioactivity of Indian Medicinal Plants Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Assay","volume":"3","author":"Krishnarajua A. 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